标签归档 阿拉 后花园 上海

　　The new semester is just around the corner, and many colleges and universities "meet with each other deeply" with "a piece of plain paper" full of heart — —

　　Do you understand the "secrets" and words in the admission notice?

　　 Harbin institute of technology admission notice information picture

　　Zhejiang A&F University Admission Notice Photo by Chen Shengwei/Bright Picture

　　Tsinghua University Admission Notice Information Picture

　　University of Science and Technology Beijing Admission Notice Information Picture

　　Handwritten admission notice information of students of Fudan University Painting and Calligraphy Association. Information picture

　　[narrating]

　　editorial comment/note

　　This summer, the admission notices of many colleges and universities were "fire". In the first "intimate contact" between freshmen and the university, the admission notices showing the history and culture of the university and bearing the characteristics and achievements of running a school are like "messengers", conveying the value pursuit and humanistic spirit of the school to freshmen.

　　What are the touching stories and ardent expectations behind the admission notice of "Fire"? We will take you to several teams involved in the design and production of admission notices, and in their speeches, we will feel the good intentions of "penetrating the paper" together.

　　Research and development of special coating escort "the country’s heavy weapon"

　　Narrator: Professor Wu Xiaohong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology

　　This summer vacation, the special coating for spacecraft independently developed by our team was applied to bookmarks, and as part of the admission notice of Harbin Institute of Technology, we met the young students who were about to enter school.

　　Although the bookmark is small, it is full of science and technology, and the coating on it is very useful.

　　In 2017, I led the research team to participate in the development of the Tianwen-1 Mars orbiter. The flight of the orbiter from the earth to Mars is long and far away. How to keep the five-star red flag logo on the orbiter from fading and falling off in a long and extremely harsh environment? After more than a year of intense research, we have developed a special coating material with radiation resistance, low volatility and high and low temperature alternating resistance, and printed it on aluminum plate by special process, which solved this problem. On October 1st, 2020, during the National Day and Mid-Autumn Festival, when we saw the bright five-star red flag on the "Tianwen-1" ringer, we were deeply proud of our motherland’s birthday.

　　Resonant with the national major strategy at the same frequency, "based on aerospace, serving national defense and being good at engineering" is the long-term advantage of Harbin Institute of Technology. I have been thinking about how to combine my major with the needs of the country since I graduated as a doctor in 2003. After many investigations, I found an important link in the space field — — Coating the surface of spacecraft with functional coating is equivalent to putting on a multifunctional "coat" to improve its performance and reliability, but traditional technology can no longer meet this requirement. To this end, I will develop a new generation of special functional coating and protection technology for spacecraft as my research direction, and I am determined to become the realization of spacecraft functions and the guardian of safety.

　　In 2009, China’s lunar exploration project Chang ‘e-3 encountered a weight loss problem, and it was urgent to replace aluminum alloy with magnesium alloy chassis, but its application premise was to break through the technical bottleneck that it was difficult to prepare high heat dissipation coating on the surface of magnesium alloy. It is very difficult to coat the surface of magnesium alloy with high bonding strength, and it is even more difficult to have high heat dissipation function. We innovate independently, find another way, and have passed thousands of experiments — Failure — In the process of re-testing, the in-situ growth technology of thermal control coating with high bonding strength and high heat dissipation capacity was finally invented, and the application of light magnesium alloy chassis in spacecraft was realized, which successfully boosted the "the Goddess Chang’e flying to the moon".

　　In 2015, the high-temperature resistant and light-removing black coating is needed in the development of China’s FY-4 meteorological satellite, which is an important core material to ensure the detection accuracy. However, the existing imported coatings have the risk of polluting the lens and cannot meet the requirements of use, so they must be independently developed. After receiving this arduous task, my team and I worked tirelessly day and night to successfully develop a low-pollution and high-performance matte black coating. In December 2016, the Fengyun-4 satellite was launched, and its comprehensive observation capability on the earth was leading the world.

　　In more than 20 years of scientific research work, we have caught up with the good times of vigorous development of China’s space industry. While making breakthroughs in scientific research, my team and I have gained valuable growth.

　　In the past, chemistry, materials, biology, and environment were rumored to be the four "Tiankeng" majors, which is actually a misunderstanding. The new material industry is a strategic and basic industry, and also a key field of high-tech competition. The country’s development of emerging industries and high technology can not be separated from materials, and its prospects are very broad. I think, this notice is to tell young students with our story: always combine your ideals and aspirations with the major needs of the country, and you can achieve a valuable life.

　　The paper that is not bad for thousands of years writes shining youth

　　Narrator: Yang Guanghui, Executive Vice President of Chinese Ancient Books Protection Institute of Fudan University.

　　This summer, the admission notice sent to every Fudan University freshman used a special kind of paper — — Kaihua paper In the words of president Jin Li, "it carries the ancient papermaking technology and Fudan advanced technology, and explains ‘ Be knowledgeable and determined, ask questions and think closely ’ The spirit of ". This "Chinese Romance" begins with Yang Yuliang, an academician of China Academy of Sciences, former president of Fudan University and president of China Ancient Books Protection Research Institute.

　　Traditional writing and printing materials — — Paper and ink are both polymer materials. For a long time, the core problem in the protection of ancient books is to repair materials, and the difficulty is the lack of paper suitable for repairing ancient books. As the first generation of polymer scientists trained in New China, Academician Yang Yuliang faced up to difficult problems and led the scientific research on core writing and printing materials such as paper and ink.

　　The eyes of exploration are cast on the people. Academician Yang gradually locked in the ancient paper "Kaihua Paper". He found that Huang Hongjian and others in Kaihua County, Quzhou, Zhejiang Province, had been engaged in the recovery process of kaihua paper for many years, but they were unable to find a way out for many years because of the lack of modern scientific and technical guidance. Therefore, Academician Yang personally visited Kaihua County and set up an academician workstation, which opened the prelude to the recovery of the newly opened paper technology.

　　Academician Yang started with the establishment of a biological and chemical research team related to paper research. Through field visits to Kaihua Paper, Jiangxi Qianshan Lianshi Paper, Sichuan Jiajiang Zhuangyuan Red Paper, Anhui Jingxian Xuan Paper, Fujian Liancheng Lianshi Paper, Japanese Mino Paper, Egyptian Cypress Paper, and Israeli Dead Sea Scroll (sheepskin Book), members of the team gradually learned about the production, restoration and application of handmade paper in the world, and visited the Writing Culture Research Center of Hamburg University in Germany.

　　Basically, the main papermaking raw material is Wikstroemia beijiangensis. However, there is a serious shortage of wild resources, poor standardization of collection, and lack of standardized process and index system for processing. To this end, Professor Zhong Yang, who is in the direction of biological research in the team, led the members to tackle key problems, fully analyzed the diversity and genetic structure of the varieties of Ligusticum wallichii, and gradually established an artificial rapid propagation system of papermaking plants based on artificial planting and tissue rapid propagation.

　　With raw materials, bleaching has become a new "roadblock". Dr. Xie Shoubin invented the "Non-destructive Bleaching Method", which used laccase to bleach the phloem fiber of Toona sinensis to a whiteness far exceeding that of rice paper, and the key factor that determines the paper life in pulp — — The polymerization degree of cellulose is not reduced at all, which can ensure the immortality of the paper for thousands of years. In addition, the team also put forward different paths and sequence of cellulose degradation in the paper of Kaihua Paper under the conditions of dry heat and wet heat. By measuring the degree of polymerization and crystallinity, the service life of newly-made Kaihua Paper was determined to ensure the quality of Kaihua Paper … …

　　With the intervention of science and technology, Kaihua paper has been reborn, used in the restoration of ancient books, printmaking and painting creation, and also used to make the admission notice of Fudan freshmen, showing the wonderful integration of science, humanities and art. Fudan students who received the admission notice of Kaihua Paper can also experience the integration of tradition and modernity, giving birth to endless imagination and enthusiasm. I expect them to use the pen of struggle to write the shining youth on the Millennium-old paper.

　　Steel as thin as cicada’s wings engraved with burning heart

　　Narrator: Fiona Fang, chief engineer of tinplate in Technical Research Institute of Shougang Group Co., Ltd. and Ph.D. student in materials science and engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing.

　　The undergraduate admission notice of University of Science and Technology Beijing "steel as paper" made a stunning appearance. The main body was made of "5G steel" as thin as cicada’s wings and as light as a mirror, which was jointly developed by Beijing University of Science and Technology and Shougang. Behind the notice, there is a counterattack story of China’s scientific research team "from catching up to leading".

　　5G steel, also known as cicada wing steel, is famous for its thin thickness. To develop such a thin steel, it is a big problem to refine inclusions. For example, the thinnest thickness of high-end automobile panels is 0.5 mm, and the size of inclusions is required to be no more than 50 microns. The thinnest thickness of cicada wing steel is only 14% of the automobile panel, and the size of inclusions should be further reduced by more than 60%, and the maximum size should not exceed 20 microns. Only a few advanced steel enterprises in the world have mastered this technology, and the continuous casting cycle is long and the production efficiency is low.

　　We set up a scientific and technological team of Cicada Steel, and based on the clean steel production platform of Shougang Jingtang Company, put forward the idea of step-by-step control of inclusions. Based on the strategies of low oxygen tapping in converter, refining and anti-agglomeration, intensified removal of tundish and control of mold flow field, we took the lead in achieving high efficiency and high cleanliness.

　　After tackling the problem of inclusions, another bottleneck is ultra-thin tandem cold rolling. Generally speaking, the thinner and wider the steel, the more difficult it is to roll. In the field of low carbon steel technology, advanced steel enterprises at home and abroad adopt acid continuous rolling — Annealing — Double stand secondary cold rolling process, the international thinnest thickness is 0.10mm, and the maximum width-thickness ratio is 7500. Under the traditional technology, acid continuous rolling and secondary cold rolling have large reduction rate and high rolling load, and the specifications below 0.16 mm have high requirements on the control stability of tension and rolling force during secondary cold rolling, so it is extremely difficult to produce efficiently and stably.

　　Without precedent at home and abroad, team members "brainstorm" again and again. Since no breakthrough can be made under the existing conditions, why not change the existing conditions? Therefore, the team put the breakthrough point on the tension and decided to increase the tension to effectively reduce the rolling force, thus achieving thickness reduction.

　　In traditional rolling, the tension is usually 30%~50% of the yield strength of the material. If it is increased to more than 50%, it will easily lead to local cracking or even tensile fracture due to small fluctuations. Sure enough, at the beginning of the test, when the tension is increased to more than 60% of the yield strength, we often hear a bang — — Rolling belt breakage occurred. Sometimes, it even breaks two or three times a day. After careful analysis of the reasons, we finally found that the slight fluctuation of strip thickness will lead to tension fluctuation of more than 50%, which will lead to belt breakage. A new problem arises: how to reduce the tension fluctuation problem under large tension? After repeated explorations, we finally shortened the response time to one-third of the original by changing the traditional rolling strategy and control system, and achieved stable rolling with ultra-large tension. The thinnest thickness broke through from 0.10 mm to 0.07 mm, and the maximum width-to-thickness ratio broke through from 7,500 to 11,400, creating a new world record and strongly supporting the reduction of 5G equipment.

　　Nowadays, the annual output of iron and steel manufacturing industry in China ranks first in the world. We have won the top spot in many aspects, such as "cicada wing steel" and "hand-torn steel", but there are still many "stuck neck" problems to be overcome. I hope that the younger brothers and sisters who are about to enter the campus will cherish their youth and be brave enough to be the "steel backbone" on the road to rejuvenation.

　　Bamboo bearing brocade tells green stories.

　　Narrator: Wang Tao, head of the bamboo admission notice research and development team of Zhejiang A&F University.

　　Relying on the university’s scientific research advantages in the field of bamboo research and bamboo processing, we have developed the admission notice with bamboo as the raw material and micro-sliced bamboo technology as the core for 9 years in a row, and have been iteratively upgraded with new patented technologies, and the related technologies have won 8 national patents.

　　The research and development of bamboo admission notice began in March 2015. At that time, although the technology of slicing meager bamboo was mature, it was still difficult to make an admission notice. We spent nearly two months, through technical innovation and repeated printing of samples, and finally made a sample of admission notice with a thickness of 0.75~0.8 mm on May 30 of that year. In order to solve the problem that bamboo is easy to break when folded in half, every admission notice uses double-layer sliced bamboo, and ultra-thin non-woven cloth is embedded in the two-layer sliced bamboo, combined with laser breakpoint punching technology, which avoids the risk of breaking well. At the same time, advanced technologies such as hot pressing, anti-corrosion and printing are used to ensure that the admission notice is legible, pressure-resistant and folding-resistant, and easy to collect and preserve.

　　Since then, we have continuously tried to strengthen the strength of composite bamboo and reduce the thickness of the material, thus realizing various technological innovations. For example, in 2020, starting with the flexibility and mildew-proof technology of bamboo substrate, the characteristics of strong flexibility, arbitrary curling and folding, non-toxic, harmless and mildew-proof were realized; In 2021, the flexibility and light transmittance were further enhanced; In 2022, began to explore the country’s first 3D handmade bamboo admission notice … … Now, there is no waste water or waste liquid in the process of making our admission notice. The whole process is green and environmentally friendly by using modified starch adhesive and manual 3D production, which fully embodies the concept of ecological civilization.

　　The 2023 version of the admission notice not only continues to be hand-made in 3D, but also is thinner and firmer, with the thickness almost equal to that of three ordinary A4 sheets, which can be folded in half at will, pressed sideways, and even curled into a shaft like paper.

　　Bamboo is an important carrier to record history and culture, and also an eco-friendly material with strong carbon sequestration capacity. The bamboo admission notice not only has cultural attributes and scientific and technological content, but also conveys the value concept of advocating ecology, developing science and technology and promoting culture to freshmen.

　　Over the past few years, our design team has been expanding in the design, production and iterative upgrade of the admission notice. Looking forward to more green "seeds" sprouting and growing on campus, adding color to the beautiful China.

　　Project team: reporters John Zhang, Zhang Shiying, Yan Weiqi, Chen Peng, Lu Jian, Wang Simin Trainee reporter Li Jiaxin correspondent Chen Shengwei.

　　Economic Daily News reporter She Ying reports: On November 6, the General Administration of Market Supervision, the Central Network Information Office and the State Administration of Taxation jointly held an administrative guidance meeting to regulate the online economic order, and representatives of 27 major Internet platform enterprises attended the meeting. Since the beginning of this year, the online economy has played an active role in responding to the epidemic and promoting economic and social development, but there are also problems that cannot be ignored. Especially during the promotion of "double 11", the problem of out-of-order competition is prominent.

　　The meeting emphasized that Internet platform enterprises should face up to the existing problems, assume the main responsibility of ecological governance within the platform, adhere to legal compliance, and strengthen self-discipline and self-management. The meeting put forward clear requirements for Internet platform enterprises from nine aspects:

　　No abuse of market dominance, monopoly agreements or illegal concentration of operators shall be implemented; Do not abuse the dominant position to force merchants to stand in line to "choose one from the other"; Do not use technical means to implement acts that hinder or undermine the normal operation of network products or services legally provided by other operators.

　　Put an end to dishonesty and fraud such as swiping a bill, brushing comments and speculating letters, and do not publish grandiose live broadcast "battle reports" to inflate traffic, engage in illegal and illegal competitive behaviors such as defaming goodwill and kidnapping transactions, or rely on algorithm recommendations to conduct "invisible" unfair competition.

　　Strictly implement the product quality responsibility, strictly control the publicity and sales circulation of counterfeit and shoddy goods, increase the protection of intellectual property rights, and actively assist law enforcement agencies to investigate and deal with infringement and counterfeiting violations.

　　Perform the qualification examination and food safety management responsibilities of network operators, and ensure the authenticity of the registration and license certification documents of network operators.

　　Strictly regulate advertising behavior, improve advertising taste, carry forward socialist core values, and put an end to false propaganda and vulgar content.

　　Strengthen the prior review of the promotion plan, strengthen the control of false discounts, and do not charge unreasonable fees to the operators in the platform.

　　Establish the concept of consumer first, and improve the efficient and convenient complaint handling and feedback mechanism. In accordance with the law, we will implement the seven-day unreasonable return of online shopping and the "three guarantees" of products.

　　Attach great importance to the safety, use and protection of consumers’ personal information data, and strictly prevent personal information data from being leaked and abused.

　　Abide by the tax collection and administration law and its implementation rules, the e-commerce law and other laws and regulations, fulfill tax obligations according to law, and enjoy tax concessions according to law.

　　Editor’s note:In the past two years, the economy of Northeast China has fallen into weakness, and foreign media have written one observation and comment article after another about the economic malaise in Northeast China, which has broken the heart for the black land thousands of miles away. What happened to the northeast economy? How to do a new round of economic revitalization in Northeast China? In order to answer these questions, from January 9 to 14, the theme activity of "Directly Attacking Northeast Economy" directed by the Central Network Information Office was launched simultaneously in Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang. A joint interview group composed of online media and authoritative experts went to the three northeastern provinces for field research to solve the "new prescription" of the northeast dilemma. Guangming. com published the third series of expert manuscripts on "Directly Attacking Northeast Economy" for readers.

　　Authors: Sun Jiuwen, School of Economics, Renmin University of China; Yao Peng, Institute of Industry and Economics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences; Hu Hengsong, Hebei Institute of Finance.

　　In recent years, Northeast China, Shanxi, Hebei and other "single structure" areas, the economic growth rate has declined, the fiscal revenue has declined, and development is difficult. This development in Northeast China is a typical "depression disease".

　　The reason of "depression disease" is that the industrial structure is single.

　　The economic decline in Northeast China in recent years is closely related to the "single structure" of industries in Northeast China. The "single structure" in Northeast China is characterized by the dominance of energy and raw materials industries, and the imperfect development of modern manufacturing and modern service industries. Due to the oversupply of bulk products in the world, it affects the production of domestic bulk products industry, and all areas with heavy industrial structure have experienced different degrees of speed decline. Therefore, although there are many reasons for the economic downturn in Northeast China, the "single structure" of the industry is undoubtedly one of the important reasons.

　　The emergence of a single region with industrial structure is not accidental, but has profound historical and theoretical reasons. Theoretically, for a certain aspect of development theory — — The excessive emphasis on the theory of professional development has caused disastrous consequences; From the development mode, the planned economy after the founding of New China copied the former Soviet Union. The former Soviet Union advocated regional specialization and "a game of chess in the whole country". Every region is a specialized region, and only by cooperating with other regions can its own development be guaranteed. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the retrogression of the economies of the former participating republics is an outcome of this specialized production. China’s industrial layout is not entirely the former Soviet model, but the northeast and other regions have still laid the brand of the Soviet model.

　　Prescription 1: Introduce targeted industrial policies.

　　The "single structure" area is faced with the problem of industrial choice first, and then how to develop it. Only by grasping the order of industrial selection and development, can a single structure region enter a reasonable path in industrial transformation. Therefore, to revitalize Northeast China, we should find the root of "depression disease" and take measures against the problem of "single structure".

　　The concrete suggestions are as follows: Benxi, Liaoyang, Panjin and Chaoyang are the "single structure" cities in Northeast China; Jilin Province has Changchun City, Tonghua City, baishan city City and Baicheng City; Heilongjiang Province includes Daqing, Yichun, Jiamusi, hegang, qitaihe city, Suihua, Shuangyashan and Daxinganling. Our basic judgment is that the development of "single structure" is not a global problem, but a problem of some cities. It is necessary to introduce targeted industrial policies to revitalize "single structure" cities in Northeast China and give consideration to all aspects.

　　In recent years, the oil city Daqing began to transform and expand the non-oil economy. The picture shows the assembly line of Daqing Volvo Factory Guangming. com reporter Zhang Lin/photo

　　Prescription 2:Increasing the added value of products and developing emerging industries

　　Second, the "single-structure" cities in Northeast China, except Changchun and Tonghua, are basically the main producing areas of coal, oil, grain and wood, and the main reason for their sluggish development is the impact of lower global commodity prices. Ideas for adjustment: First, maintain production capacity and reduce production scale. Through the extension and expansion of industrial chain, we can improve the depth of product processing and increase the added value and technical content of products.

　　Second, the cyclical fluctuation of commodity prices is an inevitable law of world economic development, and we need to treat depressed industries differently. Oil, grain and timber are not industries with absolute surplus, so it is necessary to maintain production capacity. Only coal has overcapacity, and "de-capacity" needs to be accelerated.

　　The third is to introduce and develop emerging industries. It is the idea of incremental development to develop emerging industries without giving up the original industries. Cultivating and promoting the development of emerging industries in these cities includes taking some strong measures to mobilize and guide the investment of various private capitals, so as to gradually form a comprehensive and diversified industrial structure.

　　Prescription 3: EstablishmentThe Long-term Mechanism of "Single Structure" Regional Transformation and Development

　　The establishment of a long-term mechanism for regional transformation with "single structure" plays a certain role in promoting the transformation and development of "single structure" regions (cities), such as compensation mechanism for resource development, assistance mechanism for declining industries, and support mechanism for emerging industries. Vigorously developing small and medium-sized enterprises and small and micro enterprises is also one of the important ways to solve the problem.

　　Because most small and medium-sized enterprises are diversified industries, they are unlikely to get involved in energy and other fields. Therefore, developing small and medium-sized enterprises plays an obvious role in structural adjustment. Increase support for small and medium-sized enterprises and small and micro enterprises to promote diversified development.

　　Prescription 4: Give full play to the role of the capital market

　　The role of capital is very important in the process of northeast transformation. Due to the serious heavy industrialization of industries in "single structure" areas, the capital demand for revitalizing economic development can no longer be met only through central financial support and bank loans. This requires finding new financing channels. Considering the current economic situation, only by giving full play to the role of the capital market can the development of the old industrial base in Northeast China have effective capital operation space. Make full use of the capital market’s credit policy structure adjustment and "helping the weak" function, and formulate and organize its implementation around the actual situation of the national industrial policy orientation and the revitalization of old industrial bases.

　　Prescription 5: Push hardCombination of industry and finance

　　The core function of capital market is financing. Only when capital enters the real economy and circulates can it really drive the development of regional economy. At the same time, through the causal circulation, the rapid development of the industry produces huge financing demand, which can promote the prosperity of the regional capital market. The combination of industry and finance is a way to deepen the capital market for the transformation of heavy chemical industry in "single structure" areas.

　　To successfully realize the transformation and development of the old industrial base in Northeast China, we must first solve the problem of "single structure", which requires that we must take a different path from the development of traditional manufacturing and heavy industry, and its development should rely more on the development of venture capital and financial support for heavy chemical industry. Therefore, in the face of the narrow investment and financing channels of the real economy in the old industrial base in Northeast China, it is the key to revitalize the old industrial base in Northeast China to vigorously promote the combination of industry and finance and realize the combination of virtual capital and industrial economy.