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Shandong Gaotang promotes agricultural socialization service to make spring ploughing more green and efficient.

CCTV News:Gaotang County, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province, vigorously promotes the socialized agricultural service based on production trusteeship, and relies on socialized service organizations to promote the green, high-quality and efficient development of agricultural production and help increase grain production and income.

At present, more than 800,000 mu of wheat in Gaotang County has entered the jointing stage, and the work of spring ploughing and spring management is in full swing. In the wheat field of Beijie Village, Zhaozhaizi Town, plant protection drones and self-propelled plant protection robots are carrying out sprinkler irrigation. Gaotang county is a traditional grain-producing county, and the planting area of grain crops has remained above 1.4 million mu all the year round.

Zhang Xiangui, Chairman of Gaotang Green Jiayuan Vegetable Planting Professional Cooperative:We will play a role as a bridge and provide intermediary services when the cooperative signs a custody agreement with the farmers door to door, and then the cooperative signs an agreement with the agricultural service company.

On this basis, the local government accelerated the construction of high-standard farmland and vigorously developed contract agriculture. Large-scale grain enterprises directly connect with trust enterprises or cooperatives, uniformly plant characteristic varieties of wheat, and implement excellent grain and excellent purchase.

Li Xuqiang, a villager from Qianye Village, Yinji Town, Gaotang County:My land used to be saline-alkali land, and the output has been unable to go up. I have no other good way. In the past two years, through the trusteeship service, their scientific and technical management of soil testing formula has almost doubled (mu yield), and I am very happy.

Release innovation and entrepreneurship to create kinetic energy

　　People’s vision

　　Core reading

　　On March 10th, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed that it is necessary to create a good development environment conducive to innovation and entrepreneurship. It is necessary to give impetus to reform and opening up, maximize the kinetic energy of innovation and entrepreneurship in the whole society, and continuously enhance China’s influence and competitiveness in the great changes in the world.

　　The deputies agreed that it is necessary to continuously form a strong atmosphere of innovation and entrepreneurship in the whole society, especially to provide favorable conditions for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises and young people, and to establish an acceleration mechanism for the growth of high-tech enterprises; We should constantly improve the development environment of the private economy, let the innovation source of the private economy fully flow in, and create vitality to compete with generate.

　　Give impetus to reform and opening up.

　　The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed that it is necessary to give impetus to reform and opening up, maximize the kinetic energy of innovation and entrepreneurship in the whole society, and continuously enhance China’s influence and competitiveness in the great changes in the world.

　　"The important speech of the General Secretary has pointed out the direction for scientific and technological innovation." Deputy Jin Hongguang, director of the Academic Committee of the Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that we have ushered in the historic intersection of the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation in the world and the transformation of development mode in China, and we are facing both important opportunities and severe challenges. It is necessary to continuously improve the capability of independent innovation, hold key core technologies in our own hands, provide strong impetus for high-quality development, and enhance China’s influence and competitiveness in the great changes in the world.

　　"We used to focus on ‘ 1 to N’ Now, it seems that the key technologies will not be broken and solved ‘ 0 to 1’ It is impossible to achieve long-term development. " Deputy Jin Hongguang held that the reform of the scientific and technological system must be deepened in order to tackle key core technologies. Only by persisting in deepening reform to stimulate innovation vitality and fully mobilizing the enthusiasm of all kinds of innovation subjects can the effectiveness of the innovation system be continuously improved. The reform of the scientific and technological system focuses on getting results, and we must not engage in formalism. Only by establishing a good innovation ecology can we maximize the great potential of science and technology as the primary productive force.

　　"After 40 years of reform and opening up, China’s economy and society have undergone earth-shaking changes. This has laid a good foundation for the current economic transformation and upgrading and provided a source of power. In the 40 years of reform and opening up, Chinese’s education level, economic level and innovative and entrepreneurial creativity have been greatly improved. Making full use of the people’s innovative and entrepreneurial creativity can ensure that China’s economic development has a steady stream of motivation. " Representative Zhu Mingyue, founder of Pig Bajie.com, said.

　　Deputy Zhu Mingyue said that to release the kinetic energy of innovation and entrepreneurship in the whole society to the maximum extent, it is necessary to give full play to the initiative and enthusiasm of the people in innovation and entrepreneurship. At the same time, it is also necessary to help people change their thinking mode and working mode, break the geographical and spatial restrictions on talents, and liberate and develop their innovative and entrepreneurial creativity. For example, through new models such as the sharing economy, everyone’s greatest potential for innovation and entrepreneurship will be brought into play, and the overall labor efficiency and competitiveness of the country will be improved.

　　Deputy Ou Qi, deputy director of the Technology Center of Zhejiang Longsheng Group Co., Ltd., said that reforming and improving the collaborative innovation mechanism in Industry-University-Research will accelerate the integration of capital chain, talent chain, industrial chain and value chain, and let the innovation vitality of private enterprises fully flow. For private enterprises, creating a good development environment conducive to innovation and entrepreneurship contains great development opportunities. "As a private enterprise, we should consciously assume the responsibility of innovation, face the world’s scientific and technological frontier, face the main battlefield of the economy, face the major needs of the country, make full use of favorable conditions, carry out independent innovation, open innovation and collaborative innovation, strengthen the docking with the needs of economic and social development, accelerate the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and build a solid foundation for industrial development."

　　"China is in an important window of innovation. If we want to increase market share, there are no world-leading original achievements that will not work." Deputy Liu Qingfeng, Chairman of Iflytek Co., Ltd. said that the current policies and measures to support scientific and technological innovation should be more precise, and more independent innovations should be encouraged.

　　adhere to problem oriented

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed that it is necessary to adhere to the problem orientation, emancipate the mind, create a better environment for innovation and entrepreneurship by comprehensively deepening reform and opening up, focus on solving outstanding institutional and institutional problems that affect innovation and entrepreneurship, and create a social atmosphere that encourages innovation and entrepreneurship, especially to provide favorable conditions for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises and young people, and establish an accelerated mechanism for the growth of high-tech enterprises.

　　"Adhere to the problem orientation and focus on solving outstanding institutional and institutional problems that affect innovation and entrepreneurship, and we must constantly optimize the business environment." Deputy Li Bingji, deputy chairman of the Guangdong Provincial Committee of Zhi Gong Dang, believes that optimizing the business environment requires improving the communication mechanism between government and enterprises. It is necessary to encourage all localities to establish an institutionalized communication mechanism between government and enterprises in light of local conditions, so that private enterprises, especially small and medium-sized private enterprises, can reflect problems more smoothly; Promote the reform experience of negative list management in free trade zones, such as "taking photos first and then certifying", and improve the level of government services; Establish and improve the normal communication mechanism between the government and chambers of commerce and associations, listen to the demands of enterprises, and solve problems for industrial development.

　　"To create a social atmosphere that encourages innovation and entrepreneurship, we need to establish a correct value orientation and cultivate a soil that dares to innovate and is willing to innovate." Deputy Huang Jianping, Chairman of Guangdong Dongguan Weimei Ceramic Industrial Park Co., Ltd. said that entrepreneurs and innovators who devote themselves to industry and focus on their main business should be respected, so that their innovation and entrepreneurship can be rewarded.

　　Financial support is very important for the innovation of high-tech enterprises. The representative of Huang Jianping said that it is necessary to establish various venture funds around the actual needs of start-ups. In addition, we should strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights to create support for innovation and entrepreneurship.

　　In view of some problems existing in intellectual property protection, Commissioner Gong Fuwen, vice president of Shaanxi Higher People’s Court, said that the judiciary should safeguard the environment for innovation and entrepreneurship and provide all-round and all-round protection for the subject of innovation and entrepreneurship. We should improve the judicial protection mechanism of intellectual property rights, rely on intellectual property courts (tribunals), concentrate on hearing related cases, formulate the standards for determining infringement in intellectual property rights trials, and unify the judgment standards to further stimulate the vitality of private entrepreneurs’ innovation and entrepreneurship.

　　Deputy Shen Yanfen, vice president of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei Province, said that young people are full of creativity, and the post-80s generation in her unit accounts for more than 50% of the employees. In recent years, many patents and achievements have come from young people. "Young people are a new force in scientific and technological innovation and determine the strength and level of China’s future scientific and technological team. We must create favorable conditions for young people so that they can get support when they urgently need resources and release the energy of innovation. "

　　Deputy Shen Yanfen said that it is necessary to provide more opportunities for young people to host or undertake scientific research projects and promote talent growth. "Young people with a good environment, potential and enthusiasm for scientific research are more likely to stand out and add strength to innovation and entrepreneurship."

　　Adhere to "Two Unswervings"

　　The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed that it is necessary to adhere to the "two unswerving" principle, implement various policies and measures to encourage, guide and support the development of the private economy, create a fair, transparent and legal development environment for enterprises of all types of ownership, create a good atmosphere conducive to the healthy growth of entrepreneurs, help private enterprises achieve innovative development, and build an entrepreneurial team with pioneering spirit, forward-looking vision and international vision in market competition.

　　"The private economy is an important pillar of Fujian’s economic development." Deputy Lin Tengjiao, Chairman of the Board of Directors of Sunshine Longjing Group, said that the general secretary’s important speech touched on the hearts of entrepreneurs, and everyone felt more confident.

　　Deputy Tang Liang, vice chairman of Shanghai Federation of Industry and Commerce and chairman of Aosheng Group Co., Ltd., believes that a good business environment has several important characteristics for private enterprises: First, adhere to the "two unwavering" and do everything possible to encourage, guide and support the development of the private economy; The second is to maintain pro-Qing political and business relations and create a fair, transparent and legal development environment for enterprises of all types of ownership; The third is to start from the nuances and create a good atmosphere conducive to the healthy growth of entrepreneurs.

　　Member Chang Zhaohua, vice chairman of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce and chairman and CEO of Shanghai Minimally Invasive Medical Devices (Group), believes that private enterprises in China have contributed more than 50% of the country’s tax revenue, more than 60% of GDP and more than 70% of technological innovation at this stage. A series of tax reduction and fee reduction measures adopted by the state will play an important role in reducing the burden on private enterprises, improving the business environment and creating a good development environment conducive to innovation and entrepreneurship. Committee member Chang Zhaohua believes that the profitability of private enterprises should be enhanced, the sense of acquisition of enterprises should be enhanced, the sustained and high-quality development of enterprises should be guaranteed, and the international competitiveness of private enterprises should be enhanced.

　　Committee member Huang Lixin, chairman of the Jiangsu Provincial Political Consultative Conference, believes that due to the high cost and high risk of loans, some financial institutions often "stay away from private enterprises and small and micro enterprises". Member Huang Lixin said that relevant state departments should introduce measures to increase financial support for private enterprises and small and micro enterprises. It is necessary to adjust and optimize the assessment and incentive mechanism for financial institutions, promote financial institutions to provide financial services to private enterprises and small and micro enterprises, and solve the problem that financial institutions are "afraid to lend and unwilling to lend".

　　(Reporter Wu Qiuyu, Zhu Dawei, He Linping, Xie Weiqun, Li Jiading, Ma Chen, Han Chunyao, Li Changyu, hao yang, Guo Shuran, Liu Shiyao, Cheng Yuanzhou, You Yi, Zhang Shuo, Meng Xiangfu)

　　Layout design: Guo Xiang

Diary of epidemic situation of deputy director of Hubei Provincial Bureau of Statistics

　　Julia, deputy director of Hubei Provincial Bureau of Statistics, described the epidemic as "unprecedented". He recalled to The Paper that people around him, including himself, only realized the seriousness of the epidemic on the evening of January 20th when Academician Zhong Nanshan talked about the "human-to-human transmission" of the virus.

　　"It was also from that time that some measures related to the epidemic began to be implemented slowly. … … This is the biggest event I have experienced in Wuhan for 40 years. "

　　Julia. The pictures are all from Weibo, Julia.

　　Julia has the habit of keeping a diary. Almost every day, he writes something to record his work experience, and contacts some current affairs hotspots for comments. During the epidemic, he wrote what he saw and heard in Wuhan into an epidemic diary. In the diary, there are his thoughts on some phenomena around him, as well as some economic data analysis in the form of epidemic situation.

　　He also put forward 16 suggestions on the epidemic situation to relevant departments, including a province and city in China supporting a city in Hubei, and the need for temperature measurement when entering large and medium-sized supermarkets, among which many suggestions are in line with the measures being implemented by the government.

　　"We have learned a lot from this epidemic and there are many places that need to be changed." Julia suggested that after the epidemic, a nationwide health campaign should be launched every Saturday to encourage civil servants and citizens to participate at least once a month.

　　The epidemic has had a great impact on enterprises. Julia gave lectures to some entrepreneurs through live broadcast to help them answer the policies of some countries. He believes that in the face of the epidemic, we should rely on ourselves and the government, pay attention to the government’s support policies for small and medium-sized enterprises, and make good use of policies to help ourselves get out of trouble. He predicted that there might be ‘ Revenge ’ Economic growth.

　　Change a huge life and work.

　　Before February 14th, Julia’s neighborhood can also send one person from each family to buy necessities and food for three days with a ticket. However, after the 14th, residents are no longer allowed to enter and leave the community. "Now shopping is online, and the courier puts it at the door of the community and we pick it up ourselves to minimize personal contact." Julia said.

　　With the development of the epidemic, all the factories in Hubei stopped working. Originally, according to the notice, they were supposed to resume work on February 14th. However, because the epidemic situation was still grim, on February 13th, the Hubei Provincial People’s Government informed that all kinds of enterprises in the province would not resume work before 24: 00 on February 20th, except those that were necessary to prevent and control the epidemic, ensure the operation of public utilities, and people’s livelihood and other related enterprises that were important to the national economy and people’s livelihood.

　　On February 14th, Julia started working online, and all the three departments he was in charge of communicated and handed over their work online.

　　Now, after getting up every morning, he will read a lot of news and materials of the day and yesterday, start to keep a diary at noon, and in the evening, he will make a live broadcast for entrepreneurs and give them some suggestions. "Especially during the epidemic, the life of small and medium-sized enterprises is not very good. At this time, I will interpret some policies of the state and Hubei for small and medium-sized enterprises and appease their hearts." Julia said.

　　Julia made policy interpretation for entrepreneurs and netizens on the live broadcast platform.

　　On February 8th, the General Office of Hubei Provincial Government issued the Notice on Relevant Policies and Measures to Support Small and Medium-sized Enterprises to Overcome the Difficulties in Response to the novel coronavirus Epidemic, and issued 18 measures from four aspects: reducing the burden on enterprises, strengthening financial support, increasing fiscal and tax support, and increasing job security support. What Julia has done is to interpret 18 policies one by one for entrepreneurs of small and medium-sized enterprises. "Which entrepreneur has doubts about that policy, I will specifically pick it out and talk about it in detail."

　　It is precisely because of these daily jobs that even if he stays at home, he is still "busy as a bee" every day.

　　During this period, Julia made a number of suggestions related to the epidemic to relevant departments.

　　Insist on keeping an epidemic diary and making suggestions.

　　Julia usually has the habit of writing articles and diaries. He has his own WeChat WeChat official account. Looking through the articles in it, you can see many columns and diaries he usually writes, such as "Julia reads finance and economics" and "Julia reads data".

　　From January 22nd, Julia began to write his own diary about the epidemic, and now he has written more than 20 diaries. In the diary, there are his thoughts on some phenomena, some economic data in the form of epidemic situation and his suggestions. As an economist, he also listed many economic phenomena, and thought that after April, there would be "retaliatory" consumption.

　　"On xx, a new confirmed case … …” In the daily epidemic diary, Julia always pays attention to some epidemic data of the day first, followed by some recent events and some policy evaluations of the central government. Whether positive or negative, Julia always has his own opinions.

　　In addition, Julia will give his own suggestions in his diary. In his diary, Julia paid attention to many public health problems caused by the epidemic. He believes that in terms of public health and safety, first of all, leaders at all levels should enhance their health awareness, and medical expert cadres can assume deputy positions at all levels and be in charge of medical and health care; The directors of health and health committees who graduated from non-medical schools at all levels went to professional colleges for half a year before taking up their posts; Governments at all levels employ experts to form economic development and investment promotion committees.

　　He also believes that in the future, the state can issue a regulation to set up a public health safety day every Saturday, calling on everyone to disinfect and clean up their workplaces on this day. "The rapid outbreak of this epidemic has a lot to do with the lack of daily disinfection and hygiene."

　　Julia, who is a democratic party, also has a very important function, that is, to make suggestions. During the epidemic, he made 16 related suggestions, many of which came from his observation of life.

　　On January 27th, he and his wife wore masks and went to the supermarket to purchase daily necessities. They saw two 3-4 year-old children sitting in the shopping cart, and their mothers were pushing the shopping. Although the children wore masks, their nostrils and mouths were exposed. Walking in front of the supermarket, he found that there was no artificial or intelligent thermometer at the gate and the people waiting in line to pay were too close.

　　He wrote a suggestion on this phenomenon. He believes that small supermarkets should have artificial thermometers, and above medium-sized supermarkets should have intelligent thermometers like high-speed railway station and subway stations; Try to pack and sell; Suggestions such as promoting online food market. According to the feeling of Julia’s own life, some suggestions are slowly being realized and implemented.

　　"I am a Democrat. It is my duty to make suggestions and suggestions. If I find a problem, I must raise it." Julia said.

　　"Still optimistic about the economic form"

　　In Julia’s diary, there are many analyses of economic forms. Julia believes that relying on the location advantages of Hubei and Wuhan in the big pattern will not be greatly affected on the whole, but it will deal a big blow to economic growth and some small enterprises.

　　"If we compare the economic changes during the SARS period, we can see that there may be a low growth in the economic growth rate in the first quarter." Julia thinks that after a certain period of low tide, Julia thinks that in the second quarter, there will be a "revenge" consumption in the national economy.

　　"Academician Zhong Nanshan said that the epidemic may end or improve before April, so I think it may appear in April ‘ Revenge ’ Economic growth. " Julia believes that consumption suppressed by the epidemic will break out after the epidemic, and some people who haven’t been out for a long time will start spending, which will boost economic recovery. "During the SARS period, the economy also declined in the second quarter, but it also appeared in the third quarter ‘ Revenge ’ Growth. "

　　However, in the face of "retaliatory" consumption, Julia felt that more efforts should be made on health issues. "In the face of economic recovery, people will gather again. Hygiene in crowded places must be done well. Restaurants should also adjust their seats appropriately, and don’t let the distance between tables be too close."

　　Julia’s optimism about the economic form is also based on his observation of the stock market. In Julia’s diary, on February 3, about 10 billion insurance funds had been bought into the market. A number of large insurance institutions have also issued internal instructions to equity investment managers: they cannot sell net on Monday. Large insurance institutions agree that the long-term trend of A shares is not changed by short-term shocks, and below 2800 points of the Shanghai Composite Index is a good buying point for long-term investors.

　　He believes that this phenomenon just shows the strength of the stock market and listed companies during the epidemic. "I think that the data of this stock market will be recorded in history as well as the data of the epidemic."

　　Compared with large enterprises with abundant capital, the difficulties faced by small and medium-sized enterprises are relatively more severe. Julia said that the government has introduced four major policies, namely, reducing fees, cutting taxes and exemptions, financial support and employment. "Especially for some enterprises that produce masks, according to the policy, the salary of mask producers should be increased by five times, and the management staff should be increased by three times. Some enterprises may not be able to afford it. At this time, the government will subsidize it." He believes that with government subsidies, a relatively stable level will be maintained in the overall economic situation.

　　He also suggested that some small and medium-sized enterprises should rely on themselves in the face of the epidemic, reduce costs and stabilize employees; Second, relying on the government, we should pay attention to the government’s support policies for small and medium-sized enterprises and make good use of them to help them get out of trouble.

　　At the same time, Julia also believes that this epidemic will bring a series of industrial changes. In this epidemic, a large number of voice-activated and artificial products have been put into use. For example, the first disinfection robot in Wuhan Sixth Hospital has played a good role during the epidemic prevention. In the future, hospitals, airports, shopping malls, railway stations, bus stations, docks, administrative centers, crowded areas, families, etc. will all use increasingly high-tech disinfection robots and network them, which will certainly bring a series of business opportunities.

　　"Enterprises that produce air purifiers should be upgraded to produce disinfection robots. After this COVID-19, China’s big health industry will develop rapidly." Julia thinks.

　　[Attachment] Julia and COVID-19 should respond to 16 suggestions

　　1. Suggestions on strengthening supermarket management

　　First, small supermarkets should have artificial thermometers, and above medium-sized supermarkets should have intelligent thermometers like those in high-speed railway station and subway stations.

　　Second, people under the age of 10 and over the age of 70 and pregnant women should not go to supermarkets and other crowded places during the "new pneumonia". At the same time control the number of people in the supermarket.

　　Third, in addition to masks, it is recommended to wear disposable gloves and shoe covers. Because you have to touch items or handles when choosing dishes, opening doors, paying, etc.

　　The fourth is to keep a distance of one meter when paying. Banks and airports are all like this, so can supermarkets.

　　Fifth, put the used masks and disposable gloves in special bags at the door, dry the outerwear on the balcony, and keep the shoes out of the house.

　　The sixth is to promote online food markets.

　　Seventh, adjust the weigher and weighing system. Now the weighers in the vegetable area are very busy, while the weighers in the fruit and meat have nothing to do. It is recommended to link it. Should be able to weigh.

　　Eight is to pack and sell as much as possible, pack and weigh the dishes in advance, and pay directly for them. Reduce the time of queuing for weighing.

　　Nine is to try to use self-service billing systems such as WeChat and Alipay.

　　Ten, the shelves in the supermarket should be adjusted.

　　2, to protect the baby’s daily necessities of emergency advice

　　Due to the closure of some shops, not only adults are in short supply, but also villains are in short supply. Hubei Maternal and Child Association suggested:

　　(1) Actively reflect and arouse the attention of the whole society, and include baby products (especially just-needed products such as milk powder) in people’s livelihood materials as soon as possible.

　　(2) Provide strict protective measures for maternal and child stores and shop assistants who have the conditions to open and deliver goods to their homes.

　　(3) Consumers in the hardest-hit areas cherish the logistics resources and epidemic prevention resources squeezed out by the government and the whole society for the products just needed by mothers and babies, and under the guidance of professionals, they will purchase them in a lump sum, reasonably stock up the goods at one time, reduce the number of deliveries and reduce the infection risk of employees.

　　(4) In other areas where the epidemic situation is not serious, we should be vigilant when the logistics and distribution are still relatively loose. Young parents should stock up in advance and save enough rations to completely put out the risk of baby’s food shortage.

　　3. Suggestions on opening Chinese medicine shops.

　　It is suggested that all Chinese medicine shops in the country should open their doors like supermarkets.

　　4. Suggestions on launching nationwide voluntary cleaning campaign every Saturday morning.

　　The biggest lesson from the new pneumonia is to live a healthy lifestyle and maintain a good living environment. In the case that environmental protection is paid attention to, we should keep the living environment clean without dead ends.

　　It is suggested that after the epidemic, a nationwide health campaign should be launched every Saturday. Encourage civil servants and citizens to participate at least once a month.

　　5. Suggestions on civil servants not wearing N95 masks.

　　On TV, some public officials, including leading cadres, wear masks for general medical surgery and set an example by not wearing N95 masks. Priority is given to front-line medical personnel, public security, transportation, and grid investigators. They have more contact with people and more suspected and diagnosed patients, so it is necessary to strengthen protection. It is suggested that these two practices be popularized throughout the country.

　　6, the civil affairs department concerned about the "daylight clan" proposal.

　　At present, in addition to paying attention to patients, medical staff and community cadres, we should also pay attention to low-income people and homeless people without income. I call these people "daylight people". Earn, spend and light. By collecting junk and doing odd jobs, I can meet my daily expenses. I used to be able to scrape by. Now there is no way.

　　It is suggested that civil affairs departments at all levels should pay attention to and resettle.

　　7, a provincial and municipal medical team of people and things to help a prefecture-level city in Hubei Province, the urgent proposal.

　　Can the State Council issue a regulation to allow qualified provinces and cities to send medical teams to support a prefecture-level city? Including personnel and materials. The Sichuan earthquake that year was also this kind of assistance.

　　8. It is suggested to recruit volunteers to enrich the Red Cross and Charity Federation.

　　At present, the Red Cross and Charity Federation at all levels are extremely busy. In addition to allocating funds, a large number of items cannot be delivered to hospitals, and some Red Cross societies are recruiting volunteers, including people with cars. It is suggested to start volunteers to enrich the above institutions.

　　9. Taking good care of Wuhan people who are away from home is also helping Wuhan.

　　At this time, how are the Wuhan people in other places doing?

　　As you can imagine, life is definitely not good. Since the 26th, the topic of how Wuhan people go home is full of WeChat. Wuhan people in Han will certainly understand Wuhan people outside. I said yesterday that I should be kind to Wuhan people. It seems that this is a matter that needs the help of the people of the whole country.

　　10, the establishment of medical personnel timely report possible epidemic clues.

　　Doctors are the most sensitive to the epidemic. The country should establish a mechanism that the suspected infectious epidemic situation goes directly to the State Council CDC. After receiving the report, the National CDC will send a national expert group to study and confirm it, so as to form a rapid response, and there are too many intermediate links to delay the work. It is better to confirm that it is not infectious after receiving the report, and it is not possible to wait until the infection occurs before making a plan.

　　Therefore, I suggest that a system should be established in the future, so that medical personnel can report some possible epidemic clues in time.

　　11, officials at all levels to increase the ability to respond to public opinion training.

　　In the face of unexpected events, the most effective way is to apologize first.

　　In the Internet age, there are three key points for government officials to deal with emergencies:

　　1) You must and can only tell the truth and pay attention to the evidence.

　　2) No interview. If possible, finish the bad news at once.

　　3) Learn to apologize, lower the expectation of public opinion, and don’t talk big.

　　Therefore, I suggest setting up training courses for cadres at all levels to deal with new media. This is a very important cadre quality.

　　12. Suggestions on adding folding beds to donated items.

　　Can you donate a folding bed to the hospital?

　　We will support what is lacking in the front line of medical care.

　　13, home isolation and centralized isolation should be combined.

　　On February 2nd, Wuhan issued the 10th circular, requiring all urban areas in the city to carry out centralized treatment and isolation of "four types of personnel".

　　These four categories of personnel are: confirmed patients, suspected patients, fever patients who cannot rule out the possibility of infection, and close contacts of confirmed patients.

　　This is finally a bit of a fight against the new coronavirus pneumonia. This was the case with SARS in those days. It is suggested that all localities should adopt this method, combining designated hospitals, centralized isolation and home isolation. Avoid detours in Wuhan.

　　14. The director of the Health and Health Commission should be trained for more than half a year.

　　It is terrible to be the director of the health and health commission and not know basic medicine.

　　The director of Huanggang Health and Health Commission’s "one question and three unknowns" is a case. How many directors of the health and health commission are there in the country who don’t understand medicine? Therefore, it is suggested that the directors of health and health committees who are not medical graduates at all levels should study in professional colleges for half a year before taking up their posts.

　　15. Suggestions on running online trade fairs well

　　Under the influence of the new pneumonia, all localities announced that they would stop holding various exhibitions. The impact on the economy is very direct.

　　Then our various trade fairs should also be moved online and be online for a long time. In this way, it can be closed for 365 days and can be placed 24 hours.

　　16, the national health protection into the center work suggestions.

　　Through this "COVID-19", it is suggested that national health protection should be the focus of work. This is a rational extension of governing the country. It is suggested that economic development and environmental protection should be promoted to health protection.

Announcement of the General Administration of Market Supervision on Public Solicitation of Opinions on the Provisions on Centralized Examination of Operators (Draft for Comment)

　　In order to further improve the anti-monopoly legal system and improve the quality and efficiency of centralized anti-monopoly examination of operators, the General Administration of Market Supervision revised the Interim Provisions on Centralized Examination of Operators, and formed the Provisions on Centralized Examination of Operators (Draft for Comment), which is now open to the public for comments. The public can put forward their opinions through the following channels and ways:

　　First, by logging on to the official website of the State Administration of Market Supervision (website: http://www.samr.gov.cn), put forward opinions in the "Solicitation Survey" in the "Interaction" column on the home page.

　　2. Send it to jyzjz@samr.gov.cn by e-mail. The subject of the email should be marked with the words "Provisions on Centralized Examination of Operators for Public Solicitation of Opinions".

　　3. Send it by letter to No.8 Sanlihe East Road, Xicheng District, Beijing (Postal code: 100820). Please indicate on the envelope the words "Provisions on Centralized Examination of Operators for Public Solicitation of Opinions".

　　The deadline for feedback is July 27, 2022.

　　Annex: 1. Provisions on Centralized Examination of Operators (Draft for Comment)

　　2. Explanation on the Provisions on Centralized Examination of Operators (Draft for Comment)

　　General administration of market supervision

　　June 27, 2022

　　Provisions on centralized examination of operators

　　(Draft for Comment)

　　Chapter I General Provisions

　　Article 1 These Provisions are formulated in accordance with the Anti-monopoly Law of the People’s Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the Anti-monopoly Law) and the Provisions of the State Council on the Criteria for Centralized Declaration of Operators, in order to standardize the anti-monopoly examination of business operators.

　　Article 2 The State Administration of Market Supervision (hereinafter referred to as the General Administration of Market Supervision) is responsible for the centralized anti-monopoly review of business operators, and centralized investigation and handling of business operators who violate the law.

　　According to the needs of the work, the General Administration of Market Supervision may entrust the market supervision departments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government to carry out centralized examination of operators.

　　Article 3 Concentration of business operators as mentioned in these Provisions refers to the following situations as stipulated in Article 25 of the Anti-monopoly Law:

　　(1) merger of operators;

　　(2) An operator obtains control over other operators by acquiring equity or assets;

　　(3) An operator obtains control over other operators by means of contracts or can exert decisive influence on other operators.

　　Article 4 To determine that an operator has control over other operators or can exert decisive influence on other operators, it shall take into account the fact that the operator directly or indirectly holds voting rights or similar rights and interests of other operators, as well as the influence on the appointment and removal of senior management personnel, financial budget, business plan and other business decisions and management of other operators.

　　To judge whether an operator obtains control over other operators or can exert decisive influence on other operators through transactions, the following factors shall be considered:

　　(a) the purpose of the transaction and future plans;

　　(2) The ownership structure of other operators before and after the transaction and its changes;

　　(3) Voting matters and voting mechanism of other operators’ shareholders’ meetings and other power institutions, as well as their historical attendance rate and voting situation;

　　(4) The composition of decision-making or executive bodies such as the board of directors of other operators and their voting mechanisms;

　　(five) the appointment and removal of senior management personnel of other operators;

　　(six) the relationship between the shareholders and directors of other operators, whether there are entrusted voting rights, concerted action, etc.;

　　(seven) whether there is a major business relationship or cooperation agreement between the operator and other operators;

　　(8) Other factors that should be considered.

　　If two or more operators have control over other operators or can exert decisive influence on other operators, it constitutes joint control over other operators.

　　Article 5 The General Administration of Market Supervision shall treat all operators equally when conducting centralized anti-monopoly review and investigation of operators.

　　Article 6 The General Administration of Market Supervision shall improve the centralized classification and grading examination system for business operators.

　　The General Administration of Market Supervision may formulate specific examination measures for the concentration of operators in important fields such as the national economy and people’s livelihood.

　　The General Administration of Market Supervision regularly evaluates the implementation effect of the centralized review system for operators, so as to improve the quality and efficiency of the review.

　　Chapter II Centralized Declaration by Operators

　　Article 7 Where the concentration of business operators meets the reporting standards stipulated by the State Council (hereinafter referred to as the reporting standards), the business operators shall report to the General Administration of Market Supervision in advance, and the concentration shall not be implemented without reporting or obtaining approval after reporting.

　　Where the concentration of business operators fails to meet the reporting standards, but there is evidence that the concentration of business operators has or may have the effect of eliminating or restricting competition, the General Administration of Market Supervision may require the business operators to declare and notify the business operators in writing. Where concentration has been implemented, the General Administration of Market Supervision may require the operator to make up the report within 180 days.

　　For the concentration of business operators mentioned in the preceding paragraph, business operators shall submit documents and materials to the General Administration of Market Supervision in accordance with Article 14 of these Provisions. If the concentration has not been implemented, the operator shall not implement the concentration without reporting or obtaining approval after reporting; Where concentration has been implemented, the General Administration of Market Supervision may require operators to stop implementing concentration or take other necessary measures.

　　Article 8 Turnover includes the income obtained by relevant operators from selling products and providing services in the previous fiscal year, after deducting relevant taxes and surcharges.

　　The "previous fiscal year" mentioned in the preceding paragraph refers to the fiscal year preceding the signing date of the centralized agreement.

　　Article 9 Operators participating in concentration as mentioned in these Provisions refer to the following operators:

　　(1) Where operators are merged, the parties to the merger are the operators participating in the concentration.

　　(2) If an operator obtains independent control over other operators, or changes from joint control to independent control over other operators, the operator and other operators who have obtained independent control shall be the operators participating in the concentration.

　　(3) An operator obtains joint control over other operators, and all operators and other operators who jointly control the other operators after the transaction are all operators participating in the concentration. However, other operators were originally controlled by a single operator. After the transaction, this operator changed from separate control to joint control over other operators. After the transaction, all operators who jointly control other operators are operators who participate in concentration, and other operators are not operators who participate in concentration.

　　(4) Where the operators establish a new joint venture, the operators who jointly control the new joint venture are the operators who participate in the concentration, and the new joint venture is not the operators who participate in the concentration.

　　(5) If an operator can exert decisive influence on other operators, the operator and other operators shall be the operators participating in the concentration.

　　Article 10 The turnover of an operator participating in concentration shall be the sum of the turnover of the operator and all operators who have direct or indirect control relations with the operator at the time of reporting, but excluding the turnover among the above operators.

　　When an operator acquires a component of another operator, if the transferor no longer has control over the component or cannot exert decisive influence, the turnover of the target operator only includes the turnover of the component.

　　When there are other operators under common control between the operators participating in the concentration or between the operators participating in the concentration and the operators not participating in the concentration, the turnover of the operators participating in the concentration shall include the turnover between the operators under common control and the third-party operators, and this turnover shall be calculated only once.

　　The calculation of the turnover of financial operators shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions on the calculation of the turnover of centralized declaration by financial operators.

　　Article 11 The concentration of operators who fail to meet the reporting standards for many times within two years between the same operators shall be regarded as a concentration, and the concentration time shall be counted from the last transaction, and the turnover of the operators participating in the concentration shall be calculated by combining multiple transactions. Operators who carry out the above-mentioned acts through other operators who have control relations with them shall be dealt with in accordance with these provisions.

　　The term "two years" as mentioned in the preceding paragraph refers to the period from the date of completion of the first transaction to the date of signing the agreement for the last transaction.

　　Article 12 The General Administration of Market Supervision shall strengthen the guidance on centralized declaration of business operators. Before the formal declaration, the business operator may put forward specific issues for discussion to the General Administration of Market Supervision in writing on the centralized declaration.

　　Article 13 Concentration of business operators through merger, and all parties to the merger are reporting obligors; Under other circumstances, the operator who is concentrated, obtains control or can exert decisive influence is the declaration obligor, and other operators shall cooperate.

　　If there are more than one declaration obligor in the same business operator, one declaration obligor may be entrusted to declare. If the entrusted declaration obligor fails to declare, other declaration obligors cannot be exempted from the declaration obligation. If the declaration obligor fails to declare, other operators involved in concentration may file a declaration.

　　The declarant may declare by himself or entrust others to declare on his behalf according to law.

　　Article 14 The application documents and materials shall include the following contents:

　　(1) a declaration. The declaration shall specify the name, domicile (place of business), business scope and scheduled date of concentration of the business operators participating in the concentration, and attach the applicant’s identity certificate or registration documents. The overseas applicant shall also submit the notarization documents and relevant authentication documents of the local notary office. Where an agent is entrusted to declare, a power of attorney shall be submitted.

　　(2) An explanation of the impact of concentration on the competition in the relevant market. Including the overview of centralized transactions; Definition of relevant markets; The market share of the operators involved in concentration in the relevant market and their control over the market; Main competitors and their market share; Market concentration; Market entry; Current situation of industry development; The influence of concentration on market competition structure, industry development, technological progress, innovation, national economic development, consumers and other operators; Effect evaluation and basis of concentration on relevant market competition.

　　(3) Centralized agreement. Including various forms of centralized agreement documents, such as agreements, contracts and corresponding supplementary documents.

　　(4) The financial and accounting reports of the operators participating in the concentration in the last fiscal year audited by an accounting firm.

　　(5) Other documents and materials required by the General Administration of Market Supervision.

　　The declarant and the declarant’s agent shall be responsible for the authenticity of the declaration documents and materials.

　　Article 15 The applicant shall mark the business secrets, undisclosed information, confidential business information, personal privacy or personal information in the application documents and materials, and submit the public version and confidential version of the application documents and materials at the same time. The application documents and materials shall be in Chinese.

　　Article 16 The General Administration of Market Supervision shall check the documents and materials submitted by the applicant, and if it finds that the application documents and materials are incomplete, it may require the applicant to make up them within the prescribed time limit. If the applicant fails to pay the overdue fee, it shall be deemed as undeclared.

　　Article 17 If the General Administration of Market Supervision considers that the application documents and materials meet the statutory requirements after verification, it shall formally accept them and notify the applicant in writing from the date of receiving the complete application documents and materials.

　　Article 18 Where the concentration of business operators fails to meet the declaration standards, the business operators who participate in the concentration voluntarily file a declaration of concentration of business operators, and the General Administration of Market Supervision considers it necessary to formally accept the declaration documents and materials after review, it shall review them and make a decision in accordance with the Anti-monopoly Law.

　　Nineteenth in any of the following circumstances, the operator can declare as a summary case, and the General Administration of Market Supervision will review it according to the summary case procedure:

　　(1) In the same relevant market, the sum of the market shares of the operators participating in concentration is less than 15%; In the upstream and downstream markets, the market share of operators participating in concentration is less than 25%; Operators who are not in the same relevant market and have no upstream or downstream relationship have a market share of less than 25% in each market related to transactions;

　　(two) the business operators involved in concentration set up joint ventures outside China, and the joint ventures are not engaged in economic activities in China;

　　(three) the business operators who participate in the concentration purchase the equity or assets of an overseas enterprise, which is not engaged in economic activities in China;

　　(4) A joint venture jointly controlled by two or more operators is controlled by one or more of them through centralization.

　　Twentieth in accordance with the provisions of article nineteenth, but there is one of the following circumstances, not as a summary case:

　　(1) A joint venture jointly controlled by two or more operators is controlled by one of them through centralization, and the operator and the joint venture belong to competitors in the same relevant market, and the total market share is more than 15%;

　　(two) the relevant market involved in the concentration of business operators is difficult to define;

　　(three) the concentration of operators may have adverse effects on market entry, technological progress and innovation;

　　(four) the concentration of business operators may have adverse effects on consumers and other relevant business operators;

　　(five) the concentration of operators may have an adverse impact on the development of the national economy;

　　(6) Other circumstances that the General Administration of Market Supervision considers may adversely affect market competition.

　　Chapter III Centralized Examination of Operators

　　Article 21 The General Administration of Market Supervision shall, within 30 days from the date of formal acceptance, conduct a preliminary examination of the declared business operators, make a decision on whether to implement further examination, and notify the business operators in writing.

　　If the General Administration of Market Supervision decides to implement further review, it shall complete the review within 90 days from the date of decision, make a decision on whether to prohibit the concentration of operators, and notify the operators in writing. In case of compliance with the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 31 of the Anti-monopoly Law, the General Administration of Market Supervision may extend the review period stipulated in this paragraph for a maximum of 60 days.

　　Article 22 In the course of review, in case of any circumstance specified in Article 32 of the Anti-monopoly Law, the General Administration of Market Supervision may decide to suspend the calculation of the review period of concentration of business operators and notify the reporting obligor in writing, and the calculation of the review period shall be suspended from the date of making the decision.

　　The review period shall continue to be calculated from the date when the situation of suspending the calculation of the review period is eliminated. The General Administration of Market Supervision shall make a decision to continue to calculate the review period and notify the reporting obligor in writing.

　　Article 23 In the process of review, if the reporting obligor or other trading party fails to submit documents and materials in accordance with the provisions, which will lead to the failure of the review, the General Administration of Market Supervision shall notify the operators in writing to make corrections within a time limit.

　　If it is really difficult to submit documents and materials within the time limit specified in the notice of the preceding paragraph, the reporting obligor or other parties may explain the reasons to the General Administration of Market Supervision, which may extend the time limit for correction.

　　If the reporting obligor or other trading party fails to submit documents and materials within the time limit for correction, or the documents and materials submitted do not meet the requirements, the General Administration of Market Supervision may make a decision to suspend the calculation of the review period.

　　After the review period is suspended, if the reporting obligor or other trading parties supplement the documents and materials that meet these provisions, so that the obstacles that the review cannot be carried out are eliminated, the General Administration of Market Supervision shall make a decision to continue to calculate the review period.

　　Article 24 In the course of the review, new situations and facts that have a significant impact on the review appear, and the General Administration of Market Supervision needs to verify the relevant situations and facts. If the review cannot be carried out without verification, it may make a decision to suspend the calculation of the review period.

　　If the facts submitted by the reporting obligor in the reporting documents and materials have changed significantly, or other new situations and facts that the reporting obligor knows or should know have a significant impact on the review, it shall take the initiative to report to the General Administration of Market Supervision and supplement the documents and materials.

　　After completing the verification, the General Administration of Market Supervision shall make a decision to continue to calculate the review period.

　　Article 25 If the General Administration of Market Supervision informs the business operators that it is necessary to further evaluate the restrictive conditions attached to the concentration of business operators, the business operators may request to suspend the calculation of the review period. If the General Administration of Market Supervision deems it necessary, it shall agree to the request for suspension and make a decision to suspend the calculation of the review period.

　　Where the General Administration of Market Supervision completes the evaluation and informs the reporting obligor of the evaluation results, it shall make a decision to continue to calculate the review period.

　　Twenty-sixth before the General Administration of Market Supervision makes a review decision, the applicant shall submit a written application and explain the reasons for withdrawing the centralized declaration of business operators. With the consent of the General Administration of Market Supervision, the applicant may withdraw the declaration.

　　If there is a major change in the centralized trading situation or the competition situation in the relevant market and it is necessary to declare again, the applicant shall apply for withdrawal.

　　If the centralized declaration of the operator is withdrawn, the review procedure shall be terminated. The consent of the General Administration of Market Supervision to withdraw the declaration shall not be regarded as the approval of concentration.

　　Article 27 During the review, the General Administration of Market Supervision may, according to the needs of the review, require the applicant to supplement the relevant documents and materials within the prescribed time limit.

　　The applicant can take the initiative to provide relevant documents and materials that will help to review and make decisions on the concentration of business operators.

　　Article 28 During the review process, the business operators participating in concentration may make written statements on the relevant declaration matters to the General Administration of Market Supervision by means of letters, faxes and emails, and the General Administration of Market Supervision shall listen to the statements of the parties concerned.

　　Twenty-ninth in the process of review, the General Administration of Market Supervision may, according to the needs of review, solicit the opinions of relevant government departments, trade associations, operators, consumers and other units or individuals.

　　Thirtieth review of the concentration of business operators, should consider the following factors:

　　(a) the market share of the operators involved in concentration in the relevant market and their control over the market;

　　(2) Market concentration of relevant markets;

　　(three) the impact of the concentration of operators on market entry, technological progress and innovation;

　　(four) the impact of the concentration of operators on consumers and other relevant operators;

　　(five) the impact of the concentration of operators on the development of the national economy;

　　(six) other factors that should be considered to affect market competition.

　　Article 31 To evaluate the competitive impact of concentration of business operators, we can examine the ability, motivation and possibility of relevant business operators to exclude or restrict competition individually or jointly.

　　Where the upstream and downstream markets or related markets are involved, the ability, motivation and possibility of relevant operators to use their control power in one or more markets to exclude or restrict competition in other markets can be investigated.

　　Article 32 To evaluate the market control power of operators participating in concentration, we can consider the market share of operators participating in concentration in relevant markets, the degree of substitution of products or services, the ability to control the sales market or raw material procurement market, financial resources and technical conditions, as well as the market structure of relevant markets, the production capacity of other operators, the purchasing power of downstream customers and the ability to switch suppliers, and the offset effect of potential competitors.

　　To evaluate the market concentration of relevant markets, we can consider the number of operators and market share of relevant markets.

　　Article 33 To evaluate the influence of concentration of operators on market entry, we can consider the influence of operators on market entry by controlling production factors, sales and procurement channels, key technologies, key facilities and data, and consider the possibility, timeliness and sufficiency of entry.

　　To evaluate the influence of operator concentration on technological progress and innovation, we can consider the influence of operator concentration on technological innovation motivation, investment and utilization of technological research and development, and integration of technological resources.

　　Article 34 To evaluate the impact of concentration of business operators on consumers, we may consider the impact of concentration of business operators on the quantity, price, quality and diversification of products or services.

　　To evaluate the impact of concentration of operators on other relevant operators, we can consider the impact of concentration of operators on competitive conditions such as market entry and trading opportunities of operators in the same related market, upstream and downstream markets or related markets.

　　Article 35 To evaluate the impact of concentration of business operators on national economic development, we can consider the impact of concentration of business operators on economic efficiency, business scale and the development of related industries.

　　Article 36 To evaluate the competitive impact of concentration of operators, we can also comprehensively consider the impact of concentration on public interests, whether the operators participating in concentration are enterprises on the verge of bankruptcy and other factors.

　　Article 37 If the General Administration of Market Supervision thinks that the concentration of business operators has or may have the effect of eliminating or restricting competition, it shall inform the applicant and set a reasonable time limit for allowing business operators participating in the concentration to submit written opinions.

　　The written opinions of the operators involved in concentration shall include relevant facts and reasons, and provide corresponding evidence. If the business operators involved in concentration fail to submit written opinions within the time limit, it shall be deemed as no objection.

　　Article 38 In order to reduce the effect of concentration on excluding and restricting competition, the operators participating in concentration may propose a commitment scheme with additional restrictive conditions to the General Administration of Market Supervision.

　　The General Administration of Market Supervision shall evaluate the effectiveness, feasibility and timeliness of the commitment scheme, and notify the applicant of the evaluation results in a timely manner.

　　If the General Administration of Market Supervision thinks that the commitment scheme is not enough to reduce the adverse impact of concentration on competition, it may negotiate with the operators involved in concentration on restrictive conditions and ask them to propose other commitment schemes within a reasonable period of time.

　　Article 39 The restrictive conditions may include the following types according to the specific conditions of centralized transactions of business operators:

　　(1) Structural conditions such as divestiture of tangible assets, intangible assets such as intellectual property rights and data or related rights and interests (hereinafter referred to as divestiture business);

　　(2) Behavioral conditions such as opening its network or platform infrastructure, licensing key technologies (including patents or other intellectual property rights), terminating exclusive agreements, maintaining independent operation, modifying platform rules or algorithms, and promising compatibility or not lowering the level of interoperability;

　　(3) Comprehensive conditions combining structural conditions and behavioral conditions.

　　Generally speaking, the divestiture business should have all the elements needed for effective competition in relevant markets, including tangible assets, intangible assets, equity, key personnel and customer agreements or supply agreements. The divestiture target can be subsidiaries, branches or business departments that participate in centralized operators.

　　Article 40 Where there is a risk that the commitment scheme cannot be implemented, the business operators participating in the concentration may put forward alternative schemes. Alternatives should take effect after the first option cannot be implemented, and the conditions are more stringent than the first option.

　　The commitment scheme is divestiture, but under any of the following circumstances, the operators participating in concentration may propose specific buyers and divestiture time in the commitment scheme:

　　(a) there are great difficulties in stripping;

　　(2) There are great risks in maintaining the competitiveness and marketability of the divestiture business before divestiture;

　　(3) The identity of the buyer has an important influence on whether the divestiture business can resume market competition;

　　(4) Other circumstances deemed necessary by the General Administration of Market Supervision.

　　Article 41 For the concentration of business operators that have or may have the effect of eliminating or restricting competition, the General Administration of Market Supervision may make a decision to approve the additional restrictive conditions if the commitment scheme with additional restrictive conditions proposed by the business operators participating in the concentration can effectively reduce the adverse impact of concentration on competition.

　　Where the operators participating in concentration fail to propose a commitment scheme with additional restrictive conditions within the prescribed time limit, or the proposed commitment scheme cannot effectively reduce the adverse impact of concentration on competition, the General Administration of Market Supervision shall make a decision prohibiting concentration of operators.

　　Article 42 Where there is evidence that the concentration of business operators who fail to meet the reporting standards is suspected to have or may have the effect of eliminating or restricting competition, the General Administration of Market Supervision shall conduct verification and require business operators and relevant parties to provide documents and materials.

　　After verification, if there is evidence that the operators who fail to meet the reporting standards have or may have the effect of eliminating or restricting competition, and the operators declare in accordance with Article 7 of these Provisions, the General Administration of Market Supervision shall conduct a review in accordance with the provisions of this Chapter.

　　Chapter IV Supervision and Implementation of Restrictive Conditions

　　Article 43 For the concentration of business operators approved with additional restrictive conditions, the obligor shall strictly fulfill the obligations stipulated in the review decision, and report the fulfillment of restrictive conditions to the General Administration of Market Supervision as required.

　　The General Administration of Market Supervision may supervise and inspect the obligor’s performance of restrictive conditions by itself or through the trustee. If it passes the supervision and inspection of the trustee, the General Administration of Market Supervision shall make it clear in the review decision. Trustee includes supervision trustee and stripping trustee.

　　The obligor refers to the operator who is required to fulfill the relevant obligations in the review decision of approving the concentration of operators with additional restrictive conditions.

　　Supervisory trustee refers to a natural person, legal person or other organization entrusted by the obligor and determined by the General Administration of Market Supervision, which is responsible for supervising the obligor’s implementation of restrictive conditions and reporting to the General Administration of Market Supervision.

　　The divestiture trustee refers to the natural person, legal person or other organization entrusted by the obligor and determined by the General Administration of Market Supervision, which is responsible for selling the divestiture business at the entrusted divestiture stage and reporting to the General Administration of Market Supervision.

　　Article 44 If the trustee passes the supervision and inspection, the obligor shall submit the supervision trustee to the General Administration of Market Supervision within 15 days from the date when the General Administration of Market Supervision makes the examination decision. If the restrictive condition is divestiture, the obligor shall submit the candidate for divestiture trustee to the General Administration of Market Supervision 30 days before entering the entrusted divestiture stage. The trustee shall meet the following requirements:

　　(a) independent of the obligor and the buyer of the divestiture business;

　　(2) Having a professional team to perform the duties of the trustee, and the team members shall have the professional knowledge, skills and relevant experience needed to supervise the restrictive conditions;

　　(3) Being able to put forward a feasible work plan;

　　(4) It has not been punished in the process of being a trustee in the past five years;

　　(5) Other requirements put forward by the General Administration of Market Supervision.

　　After the General Administration of Market Supervision evaluates and determines the trustee, the obligor shall sign a written agreement with the trustee to clarify their respective rights and obligations, and report to the General Administration of Market Supervision for approval. The trustee shall perform his duties diligently and dutifully. The obligor shall pay remuneration to the trustee and provide necessary support and convenience for the trustee.

　　Article 45 If the additional restrictive condition is divestiture, the divestiture obligor shall, within the time limit specified in the review decision, find a suitable divestiture buyer by himself, sign a sale agreement, and complete the divestiture after reporting to the General Administration of Market Supervision for approval. If the divestiture obligor fails to complete the divestiture within the prescribed time limit, the General Administration of Market Supervision may require the obligor to entrust the divestiture trustee to find a suitable divestiture buyer within the prescribed time limit. The buyer of divestiture business shall meet the following requirements:

　　(a) independent of the operators involved in concentration;

　　(2) Having the necessary resources and capabilities and being willing to use the divestiture business to participate in market competition;

　　(3) Obtaining the approval of other regulatory agencies;

　　(4) It is not allowed to purchase divestiture business by financing from the operators participating in concentration;

　　(five) other requirements put forward by the General Administration of Market Supervision according to the specific circumstances of the case.

　　When the buyer has or can obtain some assets or rights and interests in the divestiture business from other channels, he may apply to the General Administration of Market Supervision for necessary adjustment of the scope of the divestiture business.

　　Article 46 In principle, the obligor shall submit to the General Administration of Market Supervision for examination at least three candidates for supervision trustee, divestiture trustee and divestiture buyer. Under special circumstances, with the consent of the General Administration of Market Supervision, there may be less than three such candidates.

　　The General Administration of Market Supervision shall review the trustee and entrustment agreement, the divestiture buyer and the sale agreement submitted by the obligor to ensure that they meet the requirements of the review decision.

　　If the restrictive condition is divestiture, the time spent in the above review by the General Administration of Market Supervision shall not be included in the divestiture period.

　　Article 47 If the review decision does not stipulate the time limit for self-divestiture, the divestiture obligor shall find a suitable buyer and sign a sale agreement within six months from the date of the review decision. Upon the application of the divestiture obligor and explanation of the reasons, the General Administration of Market Supervision may, at its discretion, extend the period of self-divestiture, but the extension shall not exceed three months.

　　If the review decision does not stipulate the term of entrusted divestiture, the divestiture trustee shall find a suitable buyer and sign a sale agreement within six months from the date of entrusted divestiture.

　　Article 48 The divestiture obligor shall sign a sale agreement with the buyer after the General Administration of Market Supervision has examined and approved the buyer and the sale agreement, and transfer the divestiture business to the buyer within three months from the date of signing, and complete the relevant legal procedures such as ownership transfer. Upon application by the divestiture obligor and explanation of reasons, the General Administration of Market Supervision may extend the term of business transfer as appropriate.

　　Article 49 If the divestiture business purchased by the buyer approved by the General Administration of Market Supervision meets the reporting standards, the operator who has obtained the control right shall report it to the General Administration of Market Supervision as a new operator. Before the General Administration of Market Supervision makes a review decision, the divestiture obligor shall not sell the divestiture business to the buyer.

　　Article 50 Before the divestiture is completed, the divestiture obligor shall perform the following obligations in order to ensure the continuity, competitiveness and marketability of the divestiture business:

　　(1) Maintain the independence between the divestiture business and its reserved business, and take all necessary measures to manage the divestiture business in the most suitable way;

　　(2) Do not commit any acts that may adversely affect the divestiture business, including hiring key employees of the divestiture business and obtaining business secrets or other confidential information of the divestiture business;

　　(3) Designate a special manager to manage the divestiture business. The administrator shall perform his duties under the supervision of the supervisory trustee, and his appointment and replacement shall be agreed by the supervisory trustee;

　　(four) to ensure that potential buyers can obtain sufficient information about the divestiture business in a fair and reasonable way, and evaluate the commercial value and development potential of the divestiture business;

　　(5) Providing necessary support and convenience to the buyer according to his requirements to ensure the smooth handover and stable operation of the stripping business;

　　(6) hand over the stripping business to the buyer in time and perform relevant legal procedures.

　　Article 51 A supervisory trustee shall perform the following duties under the supervision of the General Administration of Market Supervision:

　　(a) to supervise the obligor to fulfill the obligations stipulated in these Provisions, the review decision and the relevant agreements;

　　(2) Evaluate the buyer recommended by the divestiture obligor and the sale agreement to be signed, and submit the evaluation report to the General Administration of Market Supervision;

　　(3) To supervise the implementation of the agreement on the sale of divestiture business and submit supervision reports to the General Administration of Market Supervision on a regular basis;

　　(four) to coordinate the disputes between the stripping obligor and the potential buyer on the stripping matters;

　　(5) Submit other reports related to the obligor’s performance of restrictive conditions as required by the General Administration of Market Supervision.

　　Without the consent of the General Administration of Market Supervision, the supervision trustee shall not disclose all kinds of reports and related information submitted to the General Administration of Market Supervision in the course of performing his duties.

　　Article 52 In the entrusted divestiture stage, the divestiture trustee is responsible for finding a buyer for the divestiture business and reaching a sale agreement.

　　The divestiture trustee has the right to sell the divestiture business without reserve price.

　　Article 53 The examination decision shall stipulate the time limit for attaching restrictive conditions.

　　According to the review decision, if the restrictive conditions are automatically lifted when they expire, the restrictive conditions will be automatically lifted if the obligor does not violate the review decision after verification by the General Administration of Market Supervision. If the obligor violates the review decision, the General Administration of Market Supervision may appropriately extend the time limit for attaching restrictive conditions and announce it to the public in a timely manner.

　　According to the review decision, if the obligor needs to apply for cancellation after the restrictive conditions expire, the obligor shall submit a written application and explain the reasons. If the General Administration of Market Supervision decides to lift the restrictive conditions after evaluation, it shall announce it to the public in a timely manner.

　　The restrictive condition is divestiture. If the obligor fulfills all obligations after verification by the General Administration of Market Supervision, the restrictive condition will be automatically lifted.

　　Article 54 During the effective period of the examination decision, the General Administration of Market Supervision may re-examine, change or terminate the restrictive conditions on its own initiative or at the request of the obligor. If the General Administration of Market Supervision decides to change or lift the restrictive conditions, it shall announce it to the public in a timely manner.

　　When changing or lifting restrictive conditions, the General Administration of Market Supervision shall consider the following factors:

　　(a) whether there are major changes in centralized trading parties;

　　(2) Whether there has been a substantial change in the competitive situation in the relevant market;

　　(3) Whether it is unnecessary or impossible to implement restrictive conditions;

　　(4) Other factors that should be considered.

　　Chapter V Investigation on illegal concentration of business operators

　　Article 55 If the concentration of business operators reaches the declaration standard, and the business operators fail to declare the concentration, or implement the concentration without approval after the declaration, or violate the examination decision, an investigation shall be conducted in accordance with the provisions of this chapter.

　　Operators who fail to meet the reporting standards are concentrated, and if the operators fail to report in accordance with Article 7 of these Provisions, the General Administration of Market Supervision shall conduct an investigation in accordance with the provisions of this Chapter.

　　The term "concentration of implementation" as mentioned in these Provisions refers to the act of gaining control over other operators or exerting decisive influence on them, including but not limited to completing the registration of change of shareholders or rights, appointing senior management personnel, actually participating in business decision-making and management, exchanging sensitive information with other operators, and substantially integrating business.

　　Article 56 Any unit or individual has the right to report to the General Administration of Market Supervision on the suspected illegal concentration of business operators. The General Administration of Market Supervision shall keep confidential the informants.

　　If the report is in written form, and provides the basic information of the informant and the reported person, relevant facts and evidence suspected of illegally implementing the concentration of business operators, etc., the General Administration of Market Supervision shall conduct necessary verification.

　　Article 57 If there are preliminary facts and evidence that show that there is suspicion of illegal concentration of business operators, the General Administration of Market Supervision shall file a case and notify the business operators under investigation in writing.

　　Article 58 The business operators under investigation shall, within 30 days from the date when the notice of filing a case is served, submit to the General Administration of Market Supervision relevant documents and materials, such as whether they belong to the concentration of business operators, whether they meet the reporting standards, whether they declare, whether they are illegally implemented, etc. Where article 19 of these Provisions is involved, it shall be applied by reference.

　　Other operators or individuals involved in the suspected illegal concentration of operators shall provide relevant documents and materials as required and cooperate with the investigation by the General Administration of Market Supervision.

　　Article 59 The General Administration of Market Supervision shall, within 30 days from the date of receiving the documents and materials submitted by the business operators under investigation in accordance with Article 58 of these Provisions, conduct a centralized preliminary investigation on whether the transactions under investigation are illegal.

　　In case of illegal concentration of business operators, the General Administration of Market Supervision shall make a decision on further investigation and notify the business operators under investigation in writing. Business operators should stop illegal activities.

　　If the concentration of business operators is not illegal, the General Administration of Market Supervision shall make a decision not to conduct further investigation and notify the business operators under investigation in writing.

　　Article 60 If the General Administration of Market Supervision decides to conduct further investigation, the operators under investigation shall submit relevant documents and materials to the General Administration of Market Supervision in accordance with the provisions of these Provisions on centralized declaration documents and materials of operators within 30 days from the date of receiving the written notice from the General Administration of Market Supervision.

　　The General Administration of Market Supervision shall complete the further investigation within 120 days from the date of receiving the documents and materials submitted by the investigated business operators that conform to the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

　　In the further investigation stage, the General Administration of Market Supervision shall, in accordance with the Anti-monopoly Law and these Provisions, evaluate whether the transaction under investigation has or may have the effect of excluding or restricting competition.

　　Article 61 During the investigation, the business operators and interested parties under investigation have the right to state their opinions. The General Administration of Market Supervision shall verify the facts, reasons and evidence put forward by the operators and interested parties under investigation.

　　Article 62 Before making a decision on administrative punishment, the General Administration of Market Supervision shall inform the business operators under investigation of the facts, reasons and basis for making the decision on administrative punishment.

　　The business operators under investigation shall submit written opinions within the time limit prescribed by the General Administration of Market Supervision. The written opinions shall include relevant facts and evidence.

　　Article 63 The General Administration of Market Supervision shall make a decision on the illegal concentration of business operators according to law and make it public.

　　Article 64 Where the concentration of business operators is illegally implemented and the General Administration of Market Supervision decides to take necessary measures to restore the state before concentration, the supervision and implementation of relevant measures shall be implemented with reference to Chapter IV of these Provisions.

　　Chapter VI Legal Liability

　　Article 65 A business operator who violates the provisions of the Anti-monopoly Law to implement concentration shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of Article 58 of the Anti-monopoly Law.

　　The "previous year" as mentioned in Article 58 of the Anti-monopoly Law refers to the previous fiscal year on the date of the illegal concentration.

　　Article 66 If the declarant conceals relevant information or provides false materials, the General Administration of Market Supervision will not file or cancel the filing of the centralized declaration by the operator, and may impose penalties in accordance with Article 62 of the Anti-monopoly Law.

　　The declaration agent shall examine the declaration documents and materials, and shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph if it conceals relevant information or provides false materials. If the circumstances are serious, the General Administration of Market Supervision may decide not to accept the declaration of its agent.

　　Article 67 When determining the specific fine amount according to the Anti-monopoly Law and Articles 65 and 66 of these Provisions, the General Administration of Market Supervision shall, in accordance with the requirements of Article 59 of the Anti-monopoly Law, consider the nature, extent, duration of the illegal act and the situation of eliminating the consequences of the illegal act.

　　Where a party voluntarily reports an illegal act that has not been mastered by the General Administration of Market Supervision, or voluntarily eliminates or mitigates the harmful consequences of the illegal act, the General Administration of Market Supervision shall, according to Article 32 of the Administrative Punishment Law, give a lighter or mitigated punishment as appropriate.

　　Article 68 Where the General Administration of Market Supervision imposes administrative penalties on business operators in accordance with the Anti-monopoly Law and Articles 65 and 66 of these Provisions, it shall be recorded in the credit records in accordance with Article 64 of the Anti-monopoly Law and relevant provisions of the State and publicized to the public.

　　Article 69 If the trustee fails to perform his duties as required, the General Administration of Market Supervision shall order him to make corrections; If the circumstances are serious, the obligor may be required to replace the trustee, and the trustee may be fined not more than 200,000 yuan.

　　Article 70 If the buyer of the divestiture business fails to fulfill its obligations according to the regulations, which affects the implementation of restrictive conditions, the General Administration of Market Supervision shall order it to make corrections and may impose a fine of less than 200,000 yuan.

　　Article 71 In case of violation of Chapter IV of the Anti-monopoly Law and these Provisions, if the circumstances are particularly serious, the impact is particularly bad, and the consequences are particularly serious, the General Administration of Market Supervision may determine the amount of the fine in Articles 58 and 62 of the Anti-monopoly Law and Articles 65 and 66 of these Provisions.

　　Article 72 Any functionary of an anti-monopoly law enforcement agency who abuses his power, neglects his duty, engages in malpractices for selfish ends or divulges state secrets, business secrets, personal privacy and personal information that he has learned in the course of law enforcement shall be dealt with in accordance with relevant regulations.

　　During the investigation, the anti-monopoly law enforcement agencies found clues about public officials’ duty violations and duty crimes, and should promptly hand them over to the discipline inspection and supervision organs with jurisdiction.

　　Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions

　　Article 73 The General Administration of Market Supervision and other units and individuals shall be obliged to keep confidential the known business secrets, undisclosed information, confidential business information, personal privacy and personal information, except those that should be disclosed according to laws and regulations or with the prior consent of the obligee.

　　Article 74 In the process of examination or investigation, the General Administration of Market Supervision may organize a hearing. The hearing procedure shall be implemented in accordance with the Interim Provisions on the Procedures for Administrative Licensing of Market Supervision and Administration and the Measures for Hearing Administrative Punishment of Market Supervision and Administration.

　　Article 75 For written documents that need to be delivered to business operators, the delivery method shall be implemented with reference to the Provisions on Administrative Punishment Procedures for Market Supervision and Administration.

　　Article 76 These Provisions shall come into force as of _ _ _ 2022.

　　Explanation on the Provisions on Centralized Examination of Operators (Draft for Comment)

　　Supporting the Anti-Monopoly Law (Amendment), the General Administration of Market Supervision revised the Interim Provisions on Centralized Examination of Operators (hereinafter referred to as the Interim Provisions) and formed the Provisions on Centralized Examination of Operators (Draft for Comment) (hereinafter referred to as the Provisions). The relevant information is as follows:

　　First, the necessity of revision

　　(A) the inherent requirements of strengthening the supply of basic systems.The Anti-monopoly Law (Amendment) puts forward higher requirements for further improving the centralized review system of operators, including improving the centralized classification and grading review system of operators, adding the centralized stop system of operators, improving the review and investigation of operators who fail to meet the reporting standards, and strengthening the legal responsibility for illegally implementing the centralized behavior of operators. As a supporting regulation, it is necessary to revise and implement the relevant requirements of the Anti-Monopoly Law (Amendment) to provide a fair, transparent and predictable institutional environment for market participants.

　　(two) to adapt to the objective needs of economic development and market operation.China has become a super-large-scale market with a total economic output of 114 trillion, 150 million market participants and 1.4 billion consumers. The degree of marketization and participation in global economic globalization have undergone profound changes, and the competition and cooperation of market forces have been profoundly adjusted. Strengthen the centralized anti-monopoly review of operators, give full play to the function of prevention in advance, effectively prevent enterprises from distorting the market competition structure through mergers and acquisitions, resulting in the effect of eliminating and restricting competition, shift regulatory resources from stopping monopoly to preventing monopoly, improve regulatory efficiency, and prevent the loss of overall social welfare due to monopolistic behavior.

　　(3) The inevitable requirement of promoting the construction of a high-standard market system.Since the implementation of the centralized anti-monopoly review system for business operators in China, it has been committed to improving the quality and efficiency of the review, and has played a role in helping enterprises optimize and reorganize, transform and upgrade their economies, and safeguard the interests of consumers. Through this revision, we will further standardize and optimize the process of centralized anti-monopoly declaration and review by operators, improve the quality and efficiency of law enforcement, reduce the burden on operators, continuously stimulate market vitality and social creativity, and make centralized anti-monopoly review by operators better serve the high-quality development of our economy and society.

　　Second, the main principles of the revision

　　(1) Implementing the spirit of the revision of the anti-monopoly law.Accurately grasp the latest institutional requirements of the Anti-Monopoly Law, focus on the relevant requirements and provisions of the Anti-Monopoly Law on improving the centralized examination system for operators, and make a good connection with the superior law system.

　　(2) Adhere to the problem orientation.Summarize the experience of centralized review of operators, respond to the problems reflected in practice, such as the definition of operators participating in concentration and the judgment of implementing concentration, and enhance the transparency of the system of centralized rules for operators.

　　(3) Adhere to service development.Improve the centralized classification and grading review system for operators, optimize the centralized anti-monopoly review process for operators, and improve the quality and efficiency of review. Refine the clock-stopping system, enhance the operability and predictability of the legal system, reduce the institutional cost of enterprises, and create a fair and predictable institutional environment.

　　(4) Insist on eclecticism.On the basis of extensively soliciting opinions from all parties, we will compare and study the experience and practices of other jurisdictions, and learn from the latest developments of legislative enforcement in other jurisdictions to ensure the scientific and effective legal system.

　　Third, the main work carried out

　　In accordance with the requirements of scientific legislation, democratic legislation, legal legislation and open-door legislation, the General Administration of Market Supervision has solidly promoted the revision work through legislative research, theoretical research and soliciting opinions.

　　The first is to carry out legislative research.Comprehensively sort out the practical experience of centralized review of operators in China, and strengthen the research on the new trend of centralized review system and law enforcement cases of operators in major foreign jurisdictions, and refine and summarize mature experiences and practices.

　　The second is organizational theory research.Entrust experts from the Expert Advisory Group of the State Council Anti-monopoly Committee to carry out research on the optimization of centralized anti-monopoly review system for operators, so as to provide theoretical guarantee for revision.

　　The third is to fully listen to the opinions of all parties.Widely solicit opinions from relevant departments, experts and scholars, law firms and enterprises.

　　IV. Main contents of the revision

　　There are 65 existing Interim Provisions, and this revision has revised 22 articles, added 12 articles and deleted 1 article, making a total of 76 articles. The revised contents mainly involve the following six aspects:

　　(1) The system of stopping the clock during the period of centralized review by operators.According to the relevant provisions of the Anti-monopoly Law (Amendment), the detailed rules such as starting conditions, recovery conditions and application procedures are formulated in view of the three situations in which the calculation period of centralized review of operators is suspended.

　　(two) review and investigation on the concentration of operators who do not meet the reporting standards.According to the Anti-Monopoly Law (Amendment), if the concentration of business operators fails to meet the reporting standards, but there is evidence to prove that it has or may have the effect of excluding or restricting competition, the General Administration of Market Supervision may require the business operators to declare. The "Regulations" further clarify that the supporting provisions of the review or investigation procedures are applicable to operators who declare or not declare as required.

　　(three) on the illegal implementation of centralized investigation of operators.The first is to further clarify the concept of "implementation concentration". The second is to stipulate the obligation of the third party to cooperate with the investigation. Third, if the General Administration of Market Supervision decides to take necessary measures to restore the pre-concentration state for illegal concentration of business operators, the relevant measures shall be supervised and implemented with reference to additional restrictive conditions.

　　(four) on the substantive standards and procedural provisions.The first is to clarify the definition of "operators participating in concentration" and the entity standards such as the previous fiscal year. The second is to change the "filing" procedure of centralized anti-monopoly declaration by operators into the "formal acceptance" procedure.

　　(five) on improving the quality and efficiency of the review.First, it is proposed to improve the centralized classification and grading review system for operators, strengthen law enforcement in important areas such as the national economy and people’s livelihood, and regularly evaluate the review effect. The second is to enrich the types of additional restrictive conditions, include data stripping into structural conditions, and include maintaining independence, modifying platform rules or algorithms, and not reducing interoperability into behavioral conditions.

　　(6) About legal liability.First, the legal responsibility of the declaration agent is increased, and the illegal responsibility of concealing or providing false materials is clarified. If the circumstances are serious, the General Administration of Market Supervision may decide not to accept the declaration of its agent. Second, according to the Anti-Monopoly Law (Amendment), the amount of fines for illegal concentration of business operators, refusal and obstruction of law enforcement has been increased. The third is to strengthen the legal responsibility of the trustee and the buyer of the divestiture business for failing to fulfill their obligations as required.

I don’t know where the car OBD interface is. Look at the complete collection of OBD interface positions of various models

Know the location of OBD interface of automobile? Here is the whole model guide!

OBD, the on-board automatic diagnosis system, is very important for vehicle maintenance. It can monitor the engine and system in real time, and once an abnormality is detected, it will record the fault code to assist in troubleshooting. Maintenance personnel can quickly read codes through special tools, locate problems and improve maintenance efficiency. Now, let’s explore the OBD interface locations of different automobile brands.

First of all, from GM, Volkswagen, BMW to Hyundai, the OBD interface of most models is a 16-pin female interface with trapezoidal shape, and some models have protective covers. Common interface colors are black, white or blue. The specific location is as follows:

大众途安

GM/Volkswagen/BMW, etc.: Common in the center of the vehicle or under the dashboard.
Volkswagen Touran: It may be in Area B, and a few imported models are in Dixas, etc.
Dongfeng Citroen: a few models are in area C.
Buick Regal (2.5/3.0): The diagnostic head is located above the accelerator pedal.
Honda Accord: The diagnostic head is under the dashboard.
Beijing Jeep: For example, 2500, the diagnosis head is on the driver’s left fender; 2033 is on the left side of the engine compartment.
Beijing Hyundai Sonata: The diagnostic head is also above the accelerator pedal.
Chang ‘an Star, Chang ‘an Eurasia, Chang ‘an Radium Meng, etc.: The diagnostic heads are located in different positions, and some are close to the battery negative electrode or fuse box.

Each brand and model of vehicle has its own unique interface position, so as to ensure that the corresponding position is found before maintenance, so as to diagnose and maintain it more effectively. I hope this guide can help you and make you more handy when dealing with car problems.

How to realize green recycling of express packaging remains to be solved.

　　In a kindergarten in Changxing, Zhejiang, students make handmade products with waste cartons under the guidance of teachers. Xinhua news agency

　　Source: Statistical Bulletin on National Economic and Social Development in People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 2020.

　　[research report]

　　editorial comment/note

　　With the idea of ecological civilization deeply rooted in people’s hearts, people are more and more aware of the close relationship between small things around them and environmental protection. The impact of express packaging waste on the environment is such an important matter that seems to be used to it, but it needs urgent attention.

　　The business volume of China’s express service industry ranked first in the world for seven consecutive years and maintained a rapid growth trend. Recently, the real-time monitoring data of the State Post Bureau showed that by June 1, 2021, China’s express delivery business volume had exceeded 40 billion pieces, which was close to the annual level in 2017. On March 12, the first special departmental regulation on express packaging management in China, the Measures for the Administration of Mail Express Packaging, came into effect. The newly revised Law on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Waste in People’s Republic of China (PRC), which was implemented in September 2020, also made relevant provisions on express packaging.

　　What is the current situation of express packaging waste treatment, what are the "obstruction" links, and how to effectively promote them? On the occasion of another round of e-commerce shopping craze, let’s look for the answer from the research report of think tank experts, and take the "Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai postal area" with developed express delivery industry as an example to calculate an "environmental saving account" for express delivery packaging.

　　For most people, online shopping has become an indispensable part of life. Accordingly, in recent years, the amount of express packaging waste has increased rapidly, which has become the primary increment of municipal solid waste and an important source of environmental pollution. According to a preliminary estimate, China’s express delivery industry consumes more than 9 million tons of paper waste and about 1.8 million tons of plastic waste every year, and it shows a rapid growth trend. In mega-cities, the increase of express packaging garbage has accounted for 93% of the increase of domestic garbage, and the increase is unabated. In the future, China’s express delivery industry will continue to maintain a high-speed growth trend, and the output of express packaging waste will continue to increase, which will bring severe challenges to the treatment of municipal solid waste.

　　Express packaging belongs to low-value recyclables in domestic garbage. This kind of goods has certain recycling value, but due to the high recycling cost and insufficient profit space, it can not be effectively recycled solely by market forces. It is necessary to build a large-scale and systematic governance system to make up for the loss of interests in the recycling process, so as to smooth the "last 100 meters" of garbage classification. At present, it is urgent to build a long-term governance mechanism for low-value recyclables such as express packaging, and help fight the tough battle of pollution prevention through the "green and recycling" transformation of express packaging.

　　Present situation: reduction has achieved certain results, and the problem of recycling remains to be solved.

　　In the early morning of June 10, Beijing courier Xiao Wu began to receive and deliver express delivery in the community. "When we package express items now, we will pay attention to using narrower tape, and on the basis of ensuring tight packaging, we will wrap a few less tapes to reduce tape waste. Recyclable transfer bags are also used when loading express delivery, which is more environmentally friendly than disposable plastic woven bags. Users are also increasingly choosing electronic waybills, which makes our work more convenient and the paper of waybills more economical. " Xiao Wu feels that in recent years, especially since the end of last year, both express delivery companies and ordinary households have enhanced their awareness of conservation and environmental protection.

　　Innovative exploration and greening have achieved initial results.In December 2020, the State Council forwarded the Opinions of the National Development and Reform Commission and other departments on Accelerating the Green Transformation of Express Packaging, proposing that by 2022, a unified, standardized and binding standard system for express green packaging will be established in an all-round way, and the proportion of e-commerce express mail will not be repackaged again will reach 85%, and the application scale of recyclable express packaging will reach 7 million, and the level of standardization, greening and recycling of express packaging will be significantly improved. By 2025, express packaging will basically achieve a green transformation.

　　In order to reduce the use of adhesive tape, Hainan Post has specially developed a reusable full-stack adhesive-free packing box. It replaces the five-layer double corrugated box with a three-layer single corrugated box, and does not need fixing materials such as adhesive tape, glue and nails when it is used. However, the cost of such cartons has also increased: a single carton is more expensive than before, from 0.5 yuan to 1 yuan.

　　With the attention of relevant departments, the reduction and greening of express packaging have achieved certain results by promoting electronic waybills, prohibiting excessive packaging of express delivery and implementing the recycling plan of express delivery packaging. However, we should also see that the low recycling rate of express packaging and the difficulty of recycling are still the difficulties to be solved in the next stage.

　　Corrugated boxes and plastic bags account for nearly 80% of the total.From the perspective of packaging composition, at present, China’s express packaging is mainly corrugated boxes and plastic bags. According to the Research Report on the Generation Characteristics and Management Status of Express Packaging Wastes in China, express packaging materials mainly include corrugated boxes (44.03%), plastic bags (33.5%), bagged cartons (9.47%) and document bags (5.05%).

　　The average weight of a corrugated box is about 329 grams, of which corrugated paper accounts for 92.4%, other indirect packaging materials such as filled plastic film account for 5.5%, express waybill accounts for 1.3%, and plastic plastic bag accounts for 0.8%. In 2018, the consumption of corrugated paper in China reached 8.233 million tons. If it is not controlled, the resources and environment will face tremendous pressure. In 2018, the consumption of plastic packaging materials in China was about 851,800 tons, and 73% of plastic packaging was directly recycled from waste, showing gray or black; 25.6% of plastic packaging is produced by mixing waste and a small amount of raw materials, which is generally yellow-green; However, pure white express packaging plastic bags produced entirely from raw materials (PP or PE, etc.) only account for 1.5%. Most of the waste materials are of unknown origin, which will also cause environmental pollution in the production process. In 2020, the state issued relevant regulations, and the "plastic restriction order" was upgraded to the "plastic prohibition order", which on the one hand reduced the use of plastic packaging, and on the other hand stimulated the demand for corrugated paper in the express delivery industry. It is estimated that by 2025, the potential demand for paper express packaging will increase by 16.59 billion pieces, and the challenges and pressures faced by China’s resources and environment should not be underestimated.

　　The recovery rate is low, and the overall recovery rate is less than 20%.After the express packaging is abandoned, the packaging box can be partially recycled, but the recovery rate is less than 50%; However, the recovery rate of plastic components such as fillers and tapes in express packaging is almost zero, which makes the overall recovery rate of express packaging lower than 20%.

　　Taking 2018 as an example, China’s express delivery industry consumed a total of 8,373,300 tons of paper packaging materials, only about 340,800 tons of corrugated boxes were reused, and about 6,888,900 tons of express packaging waste paper were recycled by mobile recyclers. That is to say, only 4% of cartons have been directly reused, the remaining 82.3% need to be downgraded to waste reproduction, and about 15% have been mixed into the domestic garbage removal system due to pollution damage.

　　Due to the difficulty of recycling, high recycling cost and insufficient profit of recycled materials, the recovery rate of plastic foam boxes is only 70%~80%. The plastic packaging bags used for express delivery, which account for about 95%, are low in recycling price, and plastic tapes and waybills are stuck, so the existing recycling channels cannot handle them, and will eventually be burned or buried together with domestic garbage. Some auxiliary packaging materials are also faced with the dilemma of large usage and low recovery rate. For example, for marketing reasons, or in order to avoid damage during transportation, merchants tend to use large cartons for packaging, and add a large number of plastic filling materials such as bubble bags and bubble columns to the packages, and excessively use tape to wrap the packages. Most of these auxiliary filling materials enter the domestic garbage, which brings great pressure to the sanitation system.

　　Bottleneck: front-end classification is difficult to implement, and the recycling value chain is defective.

　　Xiao Zhang, the courier, told the author: "Now, some customers will offer to use the old box at hand when sending the courier. But at present, more residents will still throw the express package directly into the garbage bin. "

　　Ms. Xiao, who lives in Xicheng District, Beijing, is an "online shopper". She feels a little upset about the complexity of express packaging: "I often buy a small object with a fist, but I get a big box. Take it apart, it is covered with a thick plastic film and several layers of plastic fillers. In fact, it is enough to reinforce it, so many packages are unnecessary. "

　　Ms. Chen is a member of the CPPCC of a prefecture-level city in the "Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai Postal Area". During the two sessions of the city this year, her proposal was about managing express packaging waste. In the residential area where she lives, although there are garbage sorting facilities, there is no special person to recycle express packaging waste, and residents also lack the awareness of special classification for this purpose. "During the visit, I found that this is not a separate problem in our community. The cost of recycling express packaging is high, and the storage space of the warehouse is limited. After recycling, it often cannot be properly disposed of, and many cartons can only be directly discarded as garbage. " She wrote these thoughts into the proposal, suggesting to improve policies and regulations, improve the express packaging standard system and recycling system, and cultivate the public’s green consumption habits.

　　Judging from the recycling situation of express packaging waste, there is still much room for improvement in the existing recycling system of renewable resources in China.

　　The compulsory grasp of green packaging is insufficient, and it is difficult to standardize express packaging from the source.A sound legal system can effectively restrain the disorderly behavior of market competition, which is an important backing for the smooth recycling of express packaging. Due to the imperfect laws related to green packaging in China, the development of green science and technology innovation has been inhibited to some extent. At present, a relatively complete legal system has not been formed in the whole life cycle of express packaging design, production, consumption and resource utilization.

　　First of all, there are few normative laws, and the existing relevant laws and regulations are mostly programmatic and principled, and there is no provision on how to classify and other specific contents, which is still insufficient to promote the development of green packaging in the express delivery industry; Secondly, some non-normative legal documents lack uniformity and effectiveness, and lack universality and operability to solve the problems of material selection and recycling of express packaging at present, so it is difficult to strictly regulate express packaging from the source of production.

　　The recycling system is not perfect, and the recycling value chain is missing.A complete recovery system of express packaging includes screening, distributing and classifying the recovered express packaging, and entering two channels of direct utilization and recycling respectively according to the intact packaging.

　　There are two main modes in the recycling stage: one is direct recycling by consumers. Consumers who have the concept of recycling will put the express package on a fixed recycling platform after signing for the express delivery, and the personnel at the express delivery station will handle it centrally. The other is that after consumers discard the express package as domestic garbage, the recycling unit specifically recycles it. The survey shows that at present, most consumers have a weak awareness of the classification of express packaging, and can only rely on special recycling subjects for recycling. At present, there is a lack of recycling subjects who are responsible for express packaging in China, and most of them rely on express station personnel. When their tasks are complicated and there is no time to take care of them, the recycling of express packaging will be greatly affected.

　　In the post-processing stage of express packaging, the processing center determines whether the packaging should be repaired or recycled according to the degree of damage. Due to problems such as over-packaging and pasting documents, the possibility of repair and reuse is low, and most of the packages are treated harmlessly. It is worth noting that in recent years, the prices of crude oil and other commodities have gone down, resulting in the prices of low-value recyclables such as plastics, glass and waste paper declining year by year. Not only ordinary residents are unwilling to collect and classify them, but even scavengers are not interested in such wastes. A large number of low-value-added express packages can only be mixed with municipal solid waste and treated together.

　　Suggestion: focus on convenience and efficiency, and reconstruct the recycling system

　　Since March 12 this year, the "Measures for the Administration of Mail Express Packaging" has been officially implemented. Since then, implementation actions have been carried out throughout the country. For example, Beijing Postal Administration continued to carry out special treatment on over-packaging and random packaging of mail express, and tried to form a complete recycling system chain by issuing special treatment plans, urging delivery enterprises to improve their working environment, and implementing the main responsibility, and took the lead in applying the Measures for the Administration of Mail Express Packaging in China to investigate and deal with illegal acts of delivery enterprises.

　　At a postal outlet in Xicheng District, Beijing, a grandfather took the courier and told the staff that he wanted to leave the carton here directly. Through the guidance of the staff, the uncle put the basically intact cartons in the carton recycling office. It is not uncommon for citizens to participate in the recycling of express packaging waste in Beijing. According to statistics, by the end of December, 2019, the utilization rate of express electronic waybill in Beijing was 99%, 81% of e-commerce express mails were no longer repackaged, the utilization rate of recycling transfer bags reached 76%, and the coverage rate of environmentally-friendly packaging boxes in postal outlets was 100%. More than 1,600 postal and express outlets were equipped with packaging waste recycling devices.

　　Based on the long-term needs of green development, China should try to build a perfect recycling policy system in view of the pain points and difficulties in recycling low-value recyclables such as express packaging, and formulate compulsory measures through policy innovation, mechanism innovation, mode innovation and technology innovation, so as to improve the recycling quality of express packaging, give play to the leading role of the government, strengthen the dominant position of enterprises, and realize the standardized management and market-driven recycling of express packaging.

　　Establish and improve the top-level design of green express packaging and explore the extended producer responsibility system.Focus on the whole life cycle, do a good job in top-level design from the level of laws and regulations, and formulate supervision standards and implementation systems for express packaging. Specifically, it can include: stipulating the material use standard from the source of packaging to improve the environmental protection level of packaging; Require merchants to uniformly use express packaging made of environmentally friendly materials and degradable materials, and establish an information base of express packaging manufacturers that meet the standards; Introduce the extended responsibility system of express packaging producers, with express delivery enterprises as the main body, and assume the responsibility of product recovery, recycling and final disposal; Enterprises carry out green design and design easy-to-recycle express packaging; Strengthen the standardized management of market access, intensify the crackdown on enterprises that do not meet the green express packaging standards, strictly control the source of materials, and avoid the waste of unknown origin from entering the express packaging production process.

　　Introduce the deposit refund system and build an efficient and collaborative express packaging recycling system.Carton is the most important type of express packaging, and its recycling process has the characteristics of easy identification of categories, high frequency of production and high cost of socialized collection. Internet plus’s new recycling platform can be used to build a deposit recycling system to realize efficient and safe recycling of cartons and open a breakthrough in recycling low-value recyclables. The specific practice is: consumers pay a certain amount of deposit to the express delivery enterprise when purchasing express delivery, and merchants pay the corresponding deposit to the express delivery enterprise when purchasing cartons. When the consumer sends the discarded cartons to the courier recycling machine or manual recycling point, the deposit clearing center will deduct the deposit of the courier cartons from the associated account of the courier company and return it to the consumer. This can promote the separation of express packaging from domestic garbage, enter the closed-loop safe recycling channel, and realize secondary recycling.

　　Introduce a subsidy system for recycling low-value recyclable materials to smooth the chain of recycling interests.The government is the main beneficiary of the externalization of garbage recycling benefits, so it should study and formulate the accounting policy of urban low-value recyclables subsidies that follow the operating rules of socialist market economy, and further implement the low-value recyclables subsidies to form a long-term operating mechanism for recycling. For example, establish a catalogue of low-value recyclables, calculate the life cycle costs of different types of low-value recyclables, determine subsidy standards, and explore the establishment of three-level financial security in provinces and cities; Make full use of information platform to explore the path of "internet plus recycling". According to the types, quantities and values of low-value recyclable materials recovered daily on the platform, the subsidies that enterprises should enjoy should be accounted, and the profit space of the express packaging recycling system should be broadened to consolidate the recycling effectiveness and mobilize the enthusiasm of merchants and express delivery enterprises to promote green packaging; Promote the effective connection between the classification of domestic waste and the recycling of express packaging resources, and build a recycling system of low-value recyclables from "source classification" to "end resource utilization".

　　(Author: Du Huanzheng, member of the Expert Advisory Committee of the Inter-Ministerial Joint Conference on the Development of Circular Economy, researcher of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought Research Center, the supreme leader of Shanghai, and director of the Institute of Circular Economy of Tongji University; Fan Yanan and Xu Yuanrong are both doctoral students in the School of Marxism of Tongji University; Song Shuwei is a master student in this college)

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