Editor’s note:In the past two years, the economy of Northeast China has fallen into weakness, and foreign media have written one observation and comment article after another about the economic malaise in Northeast China, which has broken the heart for the black land thousands of miles away. What happened to the northeast economy? How to do a new round of economic revitalization in Northeast China? In order to answer these questions, from January 9 to 14, the theme activity of "Directly Attacking Northeast Economy" directed by the Central Network Information Office was launched simultaneously in Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang. A joint interview group composed of online media and authoritative experts went to the three northeastern provinces for field research to solve the "new prescription" of the northeast dilemma. Guangming. com published the third series of expert manuscripts on "Directly Attacking Northeast Economy" for readers.
Authors: Sun Jiuwen, School of Economics, Renmin University of China; Yao Peng, Institute of Industry and Economics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences; Hu Hengsong, Hebei Institute of Finance.
In recent years, Northeast China, Shanxi, Hebei and other "single structure" areas, the economic growth rate has declined, the fiscal revenue has declined, and development is difficult. This development in Northeast China is a typical "depression disease".
The reason of "depression disease" is that the industrial structure is single.
The economic decline in Northeast China in recent years is closely related to the "single structure" of industries in Northeast China. The "single structure" in Northeast China is characterized by the dominance of energy and raw materials industries, and the imperfect development of modern manufacturing and modern service industries. Due to the oversupply of bulk products in the world, it affects the production of domestic bulk products industry, and all areas with heavy industrial structure have experienced different degrees of speed decline. Therefore, although there are many reasons for the economic downturn in Northeast China, the "single structure" of the industry is undoubtedly one of the important reasons.
The emergence of a single region with industrial structure is not accidental, but has profound historical and theoretical reasons. Theoretically, for a certain aspect of development theory — — The excessive emphasis on the theory of professional development has caused disastrous consequences; From the development mode, the planned economy after the founding of New China copied the former Soviet Union. The former Soviet Union advocated regional specialization and "a game of chess in the whole country". Every region is a specialized region, and only by cooperating with other regions can its own development be guaranteed. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the retrogression of the economies of the former participating republics is an outcome of this specialized production. China’s industrial layout is not entirely the former Soviet model, but the northeast and other regions have still laid the brand of the Soviet model.
Prescription 1: Introduce targeted industrial policies.
The "single structure" area is faced with the problem of industrial choice first, and then how to develop it. Only by grasping the order of industrial selection and development, can a single structure region enter a reasonable path in industrial transformation. Therefore, to revitalize Northeast China, we should find the root of "depression disease" and take measures against the problem of "single structure".
The concrete suggestions are as follows: Benxi, Liaoyang, Panjin and Chaoyang are the "single structure" cities in Northeast China; Jilin Province has Changchun City, Tonghua City, baishan city City and Baicheng City; Heilongjiang Province includes Daqing, Yichun, Jiamusi, hegang, qitaihe city, Suihua, Shuangyashan and Daxinganling. Our basic judgment is that the development of "single structure" is not a global problem, but a problem of some cities. It is necessary to introduce targeted industrial policies to revitalize "single structure" cities in Northeast China and give consideration to all aspects.
In recent years, the oil city Daqing began to transform and expand the non-oil economy. The picture shows the assembly line of Daqing Volvo Factory Guangming. com reporter Zhang Lin/photo
Prescription 2:Increasing the added value of products and developing emerging industries
Second, the "single-structure" cities in Northeast China, except Changchun and Tonghua, are basically the main producing areas of coal, oil, grain and wood, and the main reason for their sluggish development is the impact of lower global commodity prices. Ideas for adjustment: First, maintain production capacity and reduce production scale. Through the extension and expansion of industrial chain, we can improve the depth of product processing and increase the added value and technical content of products.
Second, the cyclical fluctuation of commodity prices is an inevitable law of world economic development, and we need to treat depressed industries differently. Oil, grain and timber are not industries with absolute surplus, so it is necessary to maintain production capacity. Only coal has overcapacity, and "de-capacity" needs to be accelerated.
The third is to introduce and develop emerging industries. It is the idea of incremental development to develop emerging industries without giving up the original industries. Cultivating and promoting the development of emerging industries in these cities includes taking some strong measures to mobilize and guide the investment of various private capitals, so as to gradually form a comprehensive and diversified industrial structure.
Prescription 3: EstablishmentThe Long-term Mechanism of "Single Structure" Regional Transformation and Development
The establishment of a long-term mechanism for regional transformation with "single structure" plays a certain role in promoting the transformation and development of "single structure" regions (cities), such as compensation mechanism for resource development, assistance mechanism for declining industries, and support mechanism for emerging industries. Vigorously developing small and medium-sized enterprises and small and micro enterprises is also one of the important ways to solve the problem.
Because most small and medium-sized enterprises are diversified industries, they are unlikely to get involved in energy and other fields. Therefore, developing small and medium-sized enterprises plays an obvious role in structural adjustment. Increase support for small and medium-sized enterprises and small and micro enterprises to promote diversified development.
Prescription 4: Give full play to the role of the capital market
The role of capital is very important in the process of northeast transformation. Due to the serious heavy industrialization of industries in "single structure" areas, the capital demand for revitalizing economic development can no longer be met only through central financial support and bank loans. This requires finding new financing channels. Considering the current economic situation, only by giving full play to the role of the capital market can the development of the old industrial base in Northeast China have effective capital operation space. Make full use of the capital market’s credit policy structure adjustment and "helping the weak" function, and formulate and organize its implementation around the actual situation of the national industrial policy orientation and the revitalization of old industrial bases.
Prescription 5: Push hardCombination of industry and finance
The core function of capital market is financing. Only when capital enters the real economy and circulates can it really drive the development of regional economy. At the same time, through the causal circulation, the rapid development of the industry produces huge financing demand, which can promote the prosperity of the regional capital market. The combination of industry and finance is a way to deepen the capital market for the transformation of heavy chemical industry in "single structure" areas.
To successfully realize the transformation and development of the old industrial base in Northeast China, we must first solve the problem of "single structure", which requires that we must take a different path from the development of traditional manufacturing and heavy industry, and its development should rely more on the development of venture capital and financial support for heavy chemical industry. Therefore, in the face of the narrow investment and financing channels of the real economy in the old industrial base in Northeast China, it is the key to revitalize the old industrial base in Northeast China to vigorously promote the combination of industry and finance and realize the combination of virtual capital and industrial economy.
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